1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay Essays

1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay Essays 1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay 1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay With new occasions come new issues and various needs to consider. From the 1920’s to the current day, numerous things have changed with respect to the administration, ethically, and socially. Despite this, a few has continued as before. The social part of society has likely changed the most since the 1920’s. Individuals seldom talk up close and personal any longer. Most if not all correspondence is done however either the Internet or with a telephone. In the 20’s individuals would’ve needed to send a letter or travel significant distances to converse with others far away. Presently, this should be possible in simply an issue of seconds. In any case, a few things have continued as before, for example, design. Design was and consistently will be an enormous piece of society. Individuals for the most part consistently need to put their best self forward so it’ll consistently be a major thing. The ethics of individuals have changed since the 20’s, in spite of the fact that not really to improve things. The adolescent nowadays are altogether different than those of the 1920’s. Music and companions appears to eat up their time. It appears that the 20’s was a progressively sorted out time where everything was dealt with little misstep. Presently, then again, it’s nearly the inverse. Drinking, has gotten increasingly open and acknowledged. Though during the mid 1900’s, drinking was disallowed so it clearly was all the more calm. The legislature in the 1920’s was obviously superior to now. A huge percent of wedded ladies remained at home, yet now nearly everybody is working. Additionally, the sorted out wrongdoing in those days was more compelling than it is presently in minding out its activities and not getting captured. One thing that isolates the double cross time frames is the measure of psychological oppression that has struck the US. War was a major piece of the 20’s and furthermore is today. All in all, there are numerous distinctions in the administration, ethically, and socially from the 1920’s up to this point. Albeit a few angles have remained the equivalent, times were progressively sorted out, complex, and average than now.

Essay --

Solid, all around characterized arms can be your best resource during the sweltering summer months. Albeit numerous individuals center around the more obvious biceps at the front of the upper arm, dismissing the triceps at the rear of the upper arms can influence your appearance and quality. Plunge machines, which are available in most rec center offices, can help work your triceps. Realizing how to appropriately utilize the machines and acing legitimate structure can improve your outcomes. About the Triceps The triceps is a three-headed, horseshoe-formed muscle that sits at the rear of your upper arms, contrary energies from your biceps. It's answerable for expanding your elbows, which you may do when you toss a ball or connect with shake somebody's hand. This muscle makes up 60 percent of your upper arms, and by reinforcing it you can add definition to your arms, and forestall a muscle irregularity and wounds. (See References 1, p. 46 and 47)The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention suggests quality preparing at any rate two times per week. (See References 2) During your everyday practice, work your arms last, so they're not exhausted when you do chest, back, and shoulder works out, which additionally connect with your arms. Helped Dip Machine A helped plunge machine is perfect in case you're not sufficient yet to do body weight plunges on the equal bars. This mechanical assembly permits you to choose the measure of assist you with expecting to finish the scope of movement. During the activity you stand or bow on a mobile switch while getting a handle on equal bars with your hands. You at that point twist your elbows back, keeping them tucked close to your sides, and permit the switch to bring down your body. At the point when your upper arms are twisted 90 degrees, press yourself up to the beginning stage with the help of the machine. Press your triceps at the highest point of the ... ...tp://books.google.com/books?id=2MOrDKokat8C&pg=PA46&dq=triceps+60+percent+arms+extend+elbow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guMIU9fnN8qFogT8uYDIAw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=triceps%2060%20percent%20arms%20extend%20elbow&f=false] Places for Disease Control and Prevention: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need? [http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everybody/rules/adults.html] ExRx.net: Assisted Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/ASTriDip.html] MuscleMag: Machine Dip versus Seat Dip [http://www.musclemag.com/muscle-building/machine-plunge versus seat plunge/#.Uwjejc5xWSo] ExRx.net: Lever Triceps Dip [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/LVTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Bench Dip (Heels on Floor) [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWBenchDipFloor.html] Client Bio Article - Solid, all around characterized arms can be your best resource during the blistering summer months. Albeit numerous individuals center around the more noticeable biceps at the front of the upper arm, dismissing the triceps at the rear of the upper arms can influence your appearance and quality. Plunge machines, which are available in most rec center offices, can help work your triceps. Realizing how to appropriately utilize the machines and acing legitimate structure can improve your outcomes. About the Triceps The triceps is a three-headed, horseshoe-molded muscle that sits at the rear of your upper arms, contrary energies from your biceps. It's answerable for expanding your elbows, which you may do when you toss a ball or contact shake somebody's hand. This muscle makes up 60 percent of your upper arms, and by fortifying it you can add definition to your arms, and forestall a muscle lopsidedness and wounds. (See References 1, p. 46 and 47)The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention suggests quality preparing at any rate two times per week. (See References 2) During your everyday practice, work your arms last, so they're not exhausted when you do chest, back, and shoulder works out, which likewise draw in your arms. Helped Dip Machine A helped plunge machine is perfect in case you're not sufficient yet to do body weight plunges on the equal bars. This mechanical assembly permits you to choose the measure of assist you with expecting to finish the scope of movement. During the activity you stand or stoop on a mobile switch while getting a handle on equal bars with your hands. You at that point twist your elbows back, keeping them tucked close to your sides, and permit the switch to bring down your body. At the point when your upper arms are bowed 90 degrees, press yourself up to the beginning stage with the help of the machine. Crush your triceps at the highest point of the ... ...tp://books.google.com/books?id=2MOrDKokat8C&pg=PA46&dq=triceps+60+percent+arms+extend+elbow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guMIU9fnN8qFogT8uYDIAw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=triceps%2060%20percent%20arms%20extend%20elbow&f=false] Places for Disease Control and Prevention: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need? [http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everybody/rules/adults.html] ExRx.net: Assisted Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/ASTriDip.html] MuscleMag: Machine Dip versus Seat Dip [http://www.musclemag.com/muscle-building/machine-plunge versus seat plunge/#.Uwjejc5xWSo] ExRx.net: Lever Triceps Dip [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/LVTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Bench Dip (Heels on Floor) [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWBenchDipFloor.html] Client Bio

The Coop

The Coop I go to college. Yay! Heres the thing about college, every single college has books. Books come from one of three places: Internet, Library, or Bookstore. Which of these three am I going to talk about? Well, I cant very well talk about the ENTIRE INTERNET because youd be here for the rest of your life, which for a lot of people, is perfectly acceptable. Dont look at me like that, I know youre one of them! ;) Libraries are cool and all, and I may blog about one ore two later, but today I want to talk about the MIT bookstore. Almost every college out there has a bookstore, most named something like this: ~ The Cornell Store ~ Columbia University Bookstore ~ University of Kansas Bookstore ~ The UCI Bookstore Our bookstore doesnt actually have the word Book or Store in its name. In fact, its not even just our bookstore, we share it with Harvard. Whats it called? The Coop. The Coop is an enigma wrapped in a riddle. For one, its housed in multiple buildings (I know of at least 3). The Harvard Coop sells Harvard stuff, the MIT Coop sells MIT stuff. That makes sense, what doesnt make sense is the pronunciation. How would you pronounce it? I, forever, thought it was pronounced Co-op (rhymes with low hop). I got to MIT and all of a sudden everybody was pronouncing it Coop (rhymes with hoop). Ive never told anybody this, but I spent the better part of 3 months agonizing in my head why it would be pronounced Coop instead of Co-op. Co-op just made so much sense! MIT and Harvard work together for their bookstore, joining in for a cooperative effort. Also, The Coop is based off of a cooperative business model. Each student gets a Coop Card and essentially buys into the bookstore, getting a refund at the end of the year equal to 7% of everything they buy. Why is it pronounced Coop!? Well, at Harvard, it isnt. Its pronounced Co-op. You know what that means? That means we have a bookstore that doesnt have the word book or store in its name, is located in 3 different places around Cambridge, sells different merchandise at each store, and is pronounced two different ways depending on where you go to school. It makes one wonder . . . But enough of that, on to the important stuff. The Coop at MIT is one of my favorite stores. If you ever need anything MIT related, The Coop is the place to go. The store can be divided into three main sections: Books, clothes, and dorm stuff. Check out how many jackets and sweatshirts they have! They also sell a ton of shirts hats and socks Oh, um, I should probably mention, I forgot to take pictures of the actual books at The Coop. What else is there to spend all of your hard earned TechCash on? How about a leather portfolio? or binders? They also have some neat presents for friends and family, like this spiffy IHTFP pennant. or an entire display of stuffed beavers! They sell all the software staples like Adobe and Mathematica, board games, puzzles, food, and other goodies like that as well. Its also air-conditioned, which is a definite plus (and not always a luxury students get to enjoy). Ive been known to spend an hour in The Coop and walk out with an armful of new toys and a guilty conscious due to my compulsory need to spend TechCash on neat stuff! I remember one day I walked out with a Scrabble board, 2 Rubiks cubes (Revolution and greyscale), a dog bone, and Christmas ornament. Luckily, if youre interested in buying a bunch of MIT gear and you dont have access to campus, they have a website that you can peruse. Whats your favorite thing on there? What would you buy?

Queen of Air and Darkness Study Guide Essay - 840 Words

Study Guide Questions: The Queen of Air and Darkness 1.The weather-crow was a carrion crow, with an arrow in its beak to point to the wind, like the one of Morgan le Fay’s castle. 2. King Uther invited the Earl and Countess of Cornwall to his castle. Then he wanted to marry the Countess but she said no, then The Earl and Countess ran away in the dead of night. When Uther finds out he threatens the Earl. The Earl puts himself and Countess in different castle. Merlyn puts Uther in the Earl’s castle and Uther kills the Earl then forcefully married the Countess and rapes her. 3. The sons adore their mother uncritically. Queen Morgause doesn’t really care about her sons; she mostly ignores them. 4. Merlyn believes that Might doesn’t make†¦show more content†¦If everyone took him seriously he could change what they think about Might is Right. 13. After Arthur wins the next battle he wants to use Might for Right. All the knight will only fight for good not for fun. He wants to bring unity and peace. 14. Merlyn has not lived in vain. He dedicated his life and his magic to show the people in power how things should be done for the good of the people. 15. Morgause’s sons hunt to hunt the unicorn so they can serve. They do end up killing the unicorn but when their mother finds out about it is she is furious because she was unsuccessful with her unicorn hunting and she beats them. 16. Arthur decides to make a round table so there is not head of the table. 17. Merlyn talks about Hitler and Jesus. Hitler tried to force upon people what he thought was a good way of life while, Jesus taught people his philosophies and made his ideas available as opposed to forcing them upon people. 18 .Kay says that there is going to be a lot of jealousy and that if Arthur treats the knight well they will all want to fight like him. 19. The purpose of Grummore and Palomides making the fake Questing Beast is to off set the dark tone of most of the book with a bit of comic relief. 20. Arthur is upset about Merlyn and Nimue so Merlyn tells him about the guy who fled to Aleppo because he wanted to show Arthur that you can’t escape destiny. If it’s meant toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jungian Psychology and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness6193 Words   |  25 PagesAs the Heart of Darkness snakes its way into the savage shadows of the African continent, Joseph Conrad exposes a psycho-geography of the collective unconscious in the entangling metaphoric realities of the serpentine Congo. Conrad’s novella descends into the unknowable darkness at the heart of Africa, taking its narrator, Marlow, on an underworld journey of individuation, a modern odyssey toward the center of the Self and the center of the Earth. Ego dissolves into soul as, in the interior, MarlowRead MoreStairway to Heaven by Led Zeppelin1602 Words   |  6 Pageswith the wild-eyed ideas of the ancient, the readers may understand what the Author mean by `original spiritâ⠂¬â„¢ brings up an important point to note: the folk mysterious starting of this rhetorical text and references to capturing images like the May Queen and the piper as well as Rings of smoke through the trees suggest to be primary to the reader because they reflect on old ideas. In this song, a horror and metal a longing to take us back to ancient times when the forest’s evil ghosts portly theRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Macbeth - Important Role of Fate3032 Words   |  13 Pagesthat extremity be death itself. (57)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye stresses the connection between the witches and fate:    The successful ruler is a combination of nature and fortune, de jure and de facto power. 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How Mark Twains Views on Slavery Evolved

What did Mark Twain write about slavery? How did Twains background influence his position on slavery? Was he a racist? Born in a Slave State Mark Twain was a product of  Missouri, a slave state. His father was a judge, but he also traded in slaves at times. His uncle, John Quarles, owned 20 slaves, so Twain witnessed the practice of slavery firsthand whenever he spent summers at his uncles place. Growing up in Hannibal, Missouri,  Twain witnessed a slave owner brutally murder  a slave for merely doing something awkward. The owner had thrown a rock at the slave with such force that it killed him. Evolution of Twains Views on Slavery It is possible to trace the evolution of Twains thoughts on slavery in his writing, ranging from a pre-Civil War letter that reads somewhat racist to postwar utterances that reveal his clear opposition to slavery and his revulsion of slaveholders. His more telling statements on the subject are listed here in chronological order:   In a letter written in 1853, Twain wrote: I reckon I had better black my face, for in these Eastern states, n----rs are considerably better than white people. Nearly two decades later, Twain  wrote to his good friend, novelist, literary critic, and playwright  William Dean Howells  about Roughing It  (1872):  I am as uplifted and reassured by it as a mother who has given birth to a white baby when she was awfully afraid it was going to be a mulatto. Twain laid bare his opinion of slavery in his classic  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,  published in 1884.  Huckleberry, a runaway boy, and Jim, a runaway slave, sailed down the Mississippi together on a flimsy raft. Both had escaped abuse: the boy at the hands of his family, Jim from his owners. As they travel,  Jim,  a caring and loyal friend, becomes a father figure to Huck, opening the boys eyes to the human face of slavery. Southern society at the time considered  helping a runaway slave like Jim, who was thought to be inviolable property, the worst crime you could commit short of murder. But Huck sympathized so profoundly with Jim that the boy freed him. In Twains Notebook #35, the writer explains:   It seemed natural enough to me then; natural enough that Huck his father the worthless loafer should feel it approve it, though it seems now absurd. It shows that that strange thing, the conscience—the unerring monitor—can be trained to approve any wild thing you want it to approve if you begin its education early and stick to it. Twain  wrote in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (1889): The blunting effects of slavery upon the slaveholders moral perceptions are known and conceded the world over; and a privileged class, an aristocracy, is but a band of slaveholders under another name. In  his essay The Lowest Animal  (1896), Twain wrote: Man is the only Slave. And he is the only animal who enslaves. He has always been a slave in one form or another  and has always held other slaves in bondage under him in one way or another. In our day, he is always some mans slave for wages and does that mans work, and this slave has other slaves under him for minor wages, and they do his work. The higher animals are the only ones who exclusively do their own work and provide their own living. Then in 1904, Twain wrote in his notebook: The skin of every human being contains a slave. Twain said In his autobiography, finished in 1910 just four months before his death and published in three volumes, beginning at his behest  in 2010: The class lines were quite clearly drawn and the familiar social life of each class was restricted to that class. For most of Twains life, he railed against slavery in letters, essays, and novels as an evil manifestation of mans inhumanity to man. He eventually became a crusader against the thinking that sought to justify it.

Sample for Meeting Minutes Free Essays

Minutes of Meeting of Events Organizer Team Date: 1 Nov 2012 Time: 12: 00 p. m. Venue: Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Present: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample for Meeting Minutes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Phang Yuen Jun 2. Juani Eyat Juleng 3. Tiang Leh Mei 4. Tan Hooi Gia 5. Kanagah A/P Raman 6. Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak 7. Yap Paul Yin 8. Sam Chee Xin In attendance: Madam Nadiah bt Zainal Abidin 1. 0 Objective Determination The team discussed about the objectives and event to be held. As a result, the team decided to organize a new year party for 2013. 2. 1 Event Description Title: 2013 New Year Celebration Party Objectives: To celebrate and welcome the new year with UTeM big family and the community * To promote the interaction between UTeM citizens and non- UTeM citizens * To promote and introduce UTeM to the community Venue: Main Hall, Main Campus, UTeM Attendee: Anyone (Al l UteM Citizens and outsiders) 2. 0 Roles Distribution in the Team The roles of the team were determined according to individual’s willingness and team’s agreement. The roles distribution is as below: Chairman: Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak Secretary: Tiang Leh Mei Treasurer: Tan Hooi Gia Food and bev erage: Juani Eyat Juleng (decide the menu) Set Designer: Phang Yuen Jun Event Planner: Kanagah A/P Raman Publicity: Sam Chee Xin Sponsorship: Yap Paul Yin 3. 0 Other items to be discussed and decided The chairman asked the team members to do research on their individual role’s corresponding tasks. For the coming meeting, each of the members is able to propose his or her plan for the food menu, set design, events and publicity. They need to plan for the budget for each related field too. 4. 0 Date of next meeting The next meeting will be scheduled on 8th Nov 2012, 11am at Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI. 5. 0 Closing address The chairman summarized the decision made in the meeting and thanked the advisor and the team members for having commited themselves to the project. The meeting was adjourned at 1:00 p. m. UTeM Events Organizer Team-2013 New Year Celebration Party AGENDA Date: 8th Nov 2012 Time: 11:00 a. m. Venue: Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Order of business: 1. Chairman’s address 2. Minutes of the previous meeting 3. Matters arising out of the minutes 4. Reports from each sub-committees: * Food and beverage * Set Designer * Event Planner * Publicity * Treasurer * Sponsorship 5. Special business 6. Any other business 7. Date, time and place of next meeting 8. Close How to cite Sample for Meeting Minutes, Papers

Effects of Employee Motivation Level

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Employee Motivation Level. Answer: Introduction: Motivation is a powerful tool which can reinforce behavior and trigger the tendencies to continue. Employee motivation is crucial for any organization, and plays a major factor in the success of the organization. A well motivated employee is able to perform better, which results in competitive advantage for the company (Combs, et al. 2006). It is often said that the only thing that effects employee motivation is the level of pay, but it is far from truth. In the following parts, a discussion has been carried out to establish that the level is pay is not the only thing affecting the motivation of employees. It is a known phenomenon that the higher a job pays the more satisfied an employee would be (Aziri, 2011). Higher pays are used as a common factor to attain and retain the talents in organizations. Competitive pay rates are used as a frequent strategy by the HR professionals to attract the top talent. In the personal view of the founder of the largest automobile part supplier of the world, Robert Bosch, good wages are not paid because the person has a lot of money; instead the person has a lot of money as a result of paying good wages. So, if the organizations want the employees to be highly productive, as well as, motivated, they have to be pad as per their performance and abilities (Weibel, Rost and Osterloh, 2010). In the work culture, two types of motivations exist, the intrinsic and extrinsic (Premuzic, 2013). Extrinsic motivation deals with the tangible rewards, which includes the pay, along with bonus, and raise in salary. So, the pay, along with money bearing motivators like the raise and bonus, which is in addition to the pay for the employee, acts as a highly motivating factor (Kuvaas, 2006). The more the individual earns the better lifestyle they can attain, and the higher can they climb in the society. Without money, all this is not possible. And this is the reason why employees are attracted towards higher pay scales, and even leave organizations to join the ones, which pay better. But the question begs, is money the sole motivator? Or does money matter that much? A Gallup survey showed that with the increase in salary, the motivation levels do not increase. 30 % of the people, as per this survey, who earned $36,000 per year, were engaged at work. Further, out of those earning in the range of $36,000 and $89,000, only 28% of the individuals were engaged. Lastly, out of the ones earning $90,000 or above this amount, 30% were engaged (Blacksmith and Harter, 2011). So, the engagement levels do not increase with even a rise in 10% of the salary. So, there are factors beyond the pay scale which could help in the achievement of higher engagement levels. The pleasure and joy in doing any task results in intrinsic motivation for the individuals (Hartzell, 2016). When a book is read by a person, they are not paid for reading each and every page. The joy is attained as the story unfolds and the plot is revealed. In the similar manner, the motivation of employees works. If the employee is assigned the tasks which are aligned with their interests and talents, the performance of the employee can be maximized (Sundheim, 2013). The other factor which really motivates the employees is the appreciation and recognition for the work done (Dobre, 2013). According to William James, in the human nature, the deepest desire is to be appreciated. Even if an employee is paid generously, and their efforts are not seen or appreciated, then they would not be motivated (Haizlip, 2008). So, if the employees really are to be motivated, instead of being paid hefty amounts, they have to be commended for their efforts. Along with this achievement is a great motivator. Prizes and awards have the power of harnessing healthy competition, and a healthy competition inspire the individuals in performing better. Also, such awards and prizes form as a reminder for the achievements in a persons career for the lifetime, which brings a sense of accomplishment for the individuals (Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman, 2011). No matter how much a person gets paid, unless they are secure in the job, the employee would not give their best performance (Sundheim, 2013). Often the individuals prefer large and established organizations, for instance Toyota or Microsoft. If the employees are told that they are lucky to have the job, the motivation level would go down, instead the employees should be told that the organization is lucky to have such committed and skilled workforce, so that the employees feel safe and take pride in working with the company. Another contributing factor to the employee motivation is increased responsibilities. Increased responsibility is a way of telling the employee that their work is good and that the employee deserves more and so, is being given a chance to shine. To motivate the employees, the organizations often fill up the vacancies internally, so that the workforce can get a chance to rise and shine. This promotes a culture of development, along with preserving the knowledge of organization, which can then be transferred to the employee, with the rise in the career of the employee (Haizlip, 2008). The working conditions also play a major role in the motivation of an employee. If the employee is given good working conditions, where the workplace is safe, clean, hygienic and sanitary, they would want to work, in comparison to such places which are filthy, unsafe or a walking hazard. These days, the organizations are providing a very comfortable environment for the employees, to come in as they please, in the dresses in which they are comfortable. This is done with the objective of increasing productivity, by removing the formalities from workplace and giving the comfort of home. One of the key examples of such companies is Google, where the employees are provided bean bags to sit on (Wilson, 2012). Team work also plays a contributing factor in employee motivation. If an employee is put in a team which is dysfunctional, it would turn out to be an emotionally draining experience, which would result in lower productivity, lower morale and higher turnovers (Abbah, 2014). An employee is a social being, who wants to be associated with a healthy team, which can provide the necessary help, encouragement, and support. And to achieve this, often the objectives are set which are mutually beneficial for the employees, team and the organization. A working environment where the problems of an employee are seen and ignored turns to be very de-motivating for the employees. The smart managers are aware of this fact, and they know that they are neither therapists nor counselors, but they still make the efforts to recognize and address the personal problems of the employees, which could have an adverse impact over the employees job performance (Ladimeji, 2015). This is one of the reasons for the formulation of Employee Assistance Programs or the Human Resources Department in the organizations, which address and resolve such personal issues of the employees. Along with these factors, the pay can also act as a major de-motivator. It is a common occurrence that due to the increase in pay of one employee, the other employees tend to prejudiced or left out. Research have shown that people are often less motivated in accepting new jobs, when as per their view, the others are paid at higher pay scales for similar position. The pay can also have an adverse impact over the creativity of the employees. Creativity drives the employees in finding better ways of doing the things, and finding out unique approaches. If the employees are motivated solely through the monetary factor, then the interesting factor would be left out of the job (Ladimeji, 2015). Also, the personality type of the people can affect pay as a motivator. As per the study in Journal of Management research, the extrovert employees tend to have positive outlook regarding the pay level. And on the other hand, the ones who score high in areas of openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism were less likely to achieve the satisfaction with the levels of pay (Nielson and Smith, 2014). Similar conclusion was drawn in the study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology (Ladimeji, 2015). So, money is firstly, not the sole motivator for the employees, and secondly, plays a role of being a potent de-motivator. For an employee, money could play a role in selecting or continuing with a job, but in the long run, money is not everything. The employee needs things like appreciations, rewards, job satisfaction, healthy competition, cooperative team, feeling of involvement and increased reasonability, to feel successful and content with the job. If the employees are not content with their job, the productivity would never increase and the organization would not be able to succeed. Moreover, the creativity is hampered due to money restraints, which could otherwise result in discovery of efficient ways to doing the things. To conclude, the thesis statement is quite correct and money is not the sole factor which motivates the employees. There are a number of factors which have to be present for the employees, and pay is just one of those motivators. References Abbah, M.T. (2014) Employee Motivation: The Key to Effective Organizational Management in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(4), pp. 01-08. Aziri, B. (2011) Job Satisfaction: A Literature Review. Management Research and Practice, 3(4), pp. 77-86. Blacksmith, N., and Harter, J. (2011) Majority of American Workers Not Engaged in Their Jobs. [Online] Gallup. Available from: https://www.gallup.com/poll/150383/majority-american-workers-not-engaged-jobs.aspx [Accessed on 03/01/17] Combs, J., et al. (2006) How Much Do High-Performance Work Practices Matter? A Meta-Analysis of Their Effects on Organizational Performance. Personal Psychology, 59(3), pp. 501528. Dobre, O.I. (2013) Employee motivation and organizational performance. Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research, 5(1), pp. 53-60. Haizlip, T. (2008) Employee Motivation - 10 Tips to Boost Job Performance. [Online] EzineArticles. Available from: https://ezinearticles.com/?Employee-Motivation---10-Tips-to-Boost-Job-Performanceid=1011144 [Accessed on 03/01/17] Hartzell, S. (2016) Reward Systems Employee Behavior: Intrinsic Extrinsic Rewards. [Online] Study. Available from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/reward-systems-employee-behavior-intrinsic-extrinsic-rewards.html [Accessed on 03/01/17] Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B.B. (2011) The Motivation to Work. 12th ed. New Brunswick, USA: Transaction Publishers. Kuvaas, B. (2006) Work performance, affective commitment, and work motivation: the roles of pay administration and pay level. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), pp. 365385. Ladimeji, K. (2015) How Much Does Pay Level Affect Motivation?. [Online] Recruiter. Available from: https://www.recruiter.com/i/how-much-does-pay-level-affect-motivation/ [Accessed on 03/01/17] Nielson, B.E., and Smith, J.R. (2014) Personality and Pay Satisfaction: Examining the Relationship of a Sample of Blue Collar Workers Personality and Their Pay Satisfaction Levels. Journal of Management Research, 6(4). Premuzic, T.C. (2013) Does Money Really Affect Motivation? A Review of the Research. [Online] Harvard Business Review. Available from: https://hbr.org/2013/04/does-money-really-affect-motiv [Accessed on 03/01/17] Sundheim, K. (2013) What Really Motivates Employees?. [Online] Forbes. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kensundheim/2013/11/26/what-really-motivates-employees/#211884905297 [Accessed on 03/01/17] Weibel, A., Rost, K., and Osterloh, M. (2010) Pay for Performance in the Public SectorBenefits and (Hidden) Costs. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 20 (2), pp. 387-412. Wilson, F. (2012) How Bean Bags Drive Google's Success. [Online] Great Place to Work. Available from: https://www.greatplacetowork.net/publications-and-events/blogs-and-news/1397 [Accessed on 03/01/17]

My ideal school free essay sample

PlaysStop, look and listen. Can you hear it? Do you feel the gush of anticipation, adrenaline and anxiety pumping through your veins? Yes, there definitely is teen spirit in the air! It is 7. 00am and teenagers of all shapes and sizes dressed in all shades imaginable pour into the entrance accompanied by the buzzing of the latest gossips. Uniforms, such a bore! Though free to dress in whatever attire we desire, we still have a dress code to follow. The warmth of welcome surrounds you when you step foot on the school’s entrance. You will not feel isolated as you can join many groups or societies to your liking. As the bell rings, clanging of lockers fill the air. School has commenced. First period, homeroom. Attendance would be rechecked since it was already registered from the main entrance by using the ‘matrix card’. The class teacher would read the announcements and before you know it, the second period bell has rung. We will write a custom essay sample on My ideal school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First class; ‘English for Science and Technology’, our class headed to the computer lab to look for inventions and their inventors. This is one of our preparations for our class to perform on ‘Focus Day’. The theme our class chose was ‘Heroes’. We were to combine all the knowledge gained from previous lessons of all subjects to present on ‘Focus Day’. For this particular subject, we were to look up for the greatest inventors of our time. For English and Bahasa Melayu classes, we were to write scripts for a play we were to present on ‘Focus Day’. The play is going to be about a clash in time of where the heroes of the past and present are having a conference. It is going to be one hilarious play as it pokes fun of time and ideas of people in their era. Scenes such as a very aggressive Saidina Hamzah bin Abdul Mutallib trying to grasp the poetic teachings of Shakespeare would be one of the highlights of the play. In Art and Living Skills classes, we will be making props and costumes for our play. During these classes, we will collaborate with History lessons to make prop and costumes accurately according to the right periods. Seriously speaking, this project is ideal as it tests our application skills. Most of the time, we depend on our own research papers which we sustained from other sources, rather than referring to the textbooks, which only offer limited information. To me, it gave a satisfying feeling to delve deeper into subjects specifically. We must remember though, without the teachers’ endless efforts of pushing us to do our best, this project would have been harder. Automatically, this project is our homework and also accounts for 20% of our end-of-year exam marks. Riiiiiing, lunch time! Everybody heads to the shady garden at the back of our school with such a panoramic view of a waterfall flowing with glistening water and the shady trees protecting the grass from the glaring sun. Lunch can either be bought from the vending machine which offers a variety of food ranging from ‘nasi lemak’ comers to tea-time snacks for those staying for after school activities or you can ring your own food from home! This is my favourite time, as you can see people sharing and giving among friends. Together they sit, sharing storied of what has happened. Though my school is not massive, it is fully equipped with the latest technology. Even with the slick high tech gadgets such as ‘smart classrooms’, which automatically switches off any electrical appliances when the infra-red censors do not detect any human heat in the classroom, the school still feels very homey and does not reflect the cold stares of sleek devices that you would usually feel. I like the way everything is orderly and very well planned. Take for example the library; it is very systematic and easy to find books there as it follows the Dewey Decimal System and colour code. The school provides the best facilities. For example, the school provides a skateboarding rink for the skateboard enthusiasts, a swimming pool for those swim fans and many more. As I sit for my last period, I wished time would stop and let me stay in my school. This school makes me like coming here, not just to look for friends, but also to expand my boundaries of knowledge that is different from reading from the textbooks. The bell finally rang, and I woke up from my sleep. I looked around and saw the same blackboard with a boring textbook in front of me. Hmmm†¦. I must have been daydreaming about my ideal school again. If only it were true†¦

The Whig Party and its Presidents

The Whig Party and its Presidents The Whig Party was an early American political party organized in the 1830s to oppose the principles and policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. Along with the Democratic Party, the Whig Party played a key role in the Second Party System that prevailed until the middle 1860s. Drawing from the traditions of the Federalist Party, the Whigs stood for the supremacy of the legislative branch over the executive branch, a modern banking system, and economic protectionism through trade restrictions and tariffs. The Whigs were strongly opposed to Jackson’s â€Å"Trail of Tears† American Indian removal plan forcing the relocation of southern Indian tribes to federally-owned lands west of the Mississippi River. Among voters, the Whig Party drew support from entrepreneurs, plantation owners, and the urban middle class, while enjoying little support among farmers and unskilled workers. Prominent founders of the Whig Party included politician Henry Clay, future 9th president William H. Harrison, politician Daniel Webster, and newspaper mogul Horace Greeley. Though he would later be elected president as a Republican, Abraham Lincoln was an early Whig organizer in frontier Illinois. What Did the Whigs Want? Party founders chose the name â€Å"Whig† to reflect the beliefs of the American Whigs- the group of colonial period patriots who rallied the people to fight for independence from England in 1776. Associating their name with the anti-monarchist group of English Whigs allowed Whig Party supporters to derisively depict President Andrew Jackson as â€Å"King Andrew.† As it was originally organized, the Whig Party supported a balance of powers between state and national government, compromise in legislative disputes, the protection of American manufacturing from foreign competition, and the development of a federal transportation system. The Whigs were generally opposed to rapid westward territorial expansion as embodied in the doctrine of â€Å"manifest destiny.†Ã‚   In an 1843 letter to a fellow Kentuckian, Whig leader Henry Clay stated, â€Å"It is much more important that we unite, harmonize, and improve what we have than attempt to acquire more.† Ultimately, however, it would be the inability of its own leaders to agree on many of the issues making up its overly-diverse platform that would lead to its demise. The Whig Party Presidents and Nominees While the Whig Party nominated several candidates between 1836 and 1852, only two- William H. Harrison in 1840 and Zachary Taylor in 1848- were ever elected president on their own and they both died during their first terms in office. In the 1836 election won by Democratic-Republican Martin Van Buren, the still loosely-organized Whig Party nominated four presidential candidates: William Henry Harrison appeared on ballots in the Northern and border states, Hugh Lawson White ran in several Southern states, Willie P. Mangum ran in South Carolina, while Daniel Webster ran in Massachusetts. Two other Whigs became president through the process of succession. John Tyler succeeded to the presidency after Harrisons death in 1841 but was expelled from the party shortly afterward. The last Whig president, Millard Fillmore, assumed the office after Zachary Taylors death in 1850.   As president, John Tyler’s support of manifest destiny and the annexation of Texas angered Whig leadership. Believing much of the Whig legislative agenda to be unconstitutional, he vetoed several of his own partys bills. When most of his Cabinet resigned a few weeks into his second term, Whig leaders, dubbing him â€Å"His Accidency,† expelled him from the party. After its last presidential nominee, General Winfield Scott of New Jersey was soundly defeated by Democrat Franklin Pierce in the 1852 election, the days of the Whig Party were numbered. The Downfall of the Whig Party Throughout its history, the Whig Party suffered politically from the inability of its leaders to agree on high-profile issues of the day. While its founders had been united in their opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson, when it came to other matters, it was too often a case of Whig vs. Whig. While most other Whigs generally opposed Catholicism, eventual Whig Party founder Henry Clay had joined the party’s arch-enemy Andrew Jackson in becoming the nation’s first presidential candidates to openly seek the votes of Catholics in the election of 1832. On other issues, top Whig leaders including Henry Clay and Daniel Webster would express disparate opinions as they campaigned in different states. More critically, Whig leaders split over the festering issue of slavery as embodied by the annexation of Texas as a slave state and California as a free state. In the 1852 election, its leadership’s inability to agree on slavery prevented the party from nominating its own incumbent President Millard Fillmore. Instead, the Whigs nominated General Winfield Scott who went on to lose by an embarrassing landslide. So upset by the drubbing was Whig U.S. Representative Lewis D. Campbell that he exclaimed, â€Å"We are slayed. The party is dead- dead- dead!† Indeed, in its attempt to be too many things to too many voters, the Whig Party proved to be its own worst enemy. The Whig Legacy After their embarrassingly ill-fated run in 1852 election, many former Whigs joined the Republican Party, eventually dominating it during the administration of Whig-turned-Republican President Abraham Lincoln from 1861 to 1865. After the Civil War, it was Southern Whigs who led the white response to Reconstruction. Eventually, post-Civil War American government adopted many Whig conservative economic policies. Today, the phrase â€Å"going the way of the Whigs† is used by politicians and political scientists to refer to political parties destined to fail due to their fractured identity and lack of a unified platform. The Modern Whig Party In 2007, the Modern Whig Party was organized as a â€Å"middle-of-the-road,† grassroots third political party dedicated to â€Å"the restoration of representative government in our nation.† Reportedly founded by a group of U.S. soldiers while on combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, the party generally supports fiscal conservatism, a strong military, and integrity and pragmatism in creating policy and legislation. According to the party’s platform statement, its overarching goal is to assist the American people â€Å"in returning control of their government to their hands.† Following the 2008 presidential election won by Democrat Barack Obama, the Modern Whigs launched a campaign to attract moderate and conservative Democrats, as well as moderate Republicans who felt disenfranchised by what they perceived as their party’s shift to the extreme-right as expressed by the Tea Party movement. While some members of the Modern Whig Party have so far been elected to a few local offices, they ran as Republicans or independents. Despite undergoing a major structural and leadership facelift in 2014, as of 2018, the party had yet to nominate any candidates for  a major federal office. Whig Party Key Points The Whig Party was an early American political party active from the 1830s to the 1860sThe Whig Party was formed to oppose the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party.Whigs favored a strong Congress, a modernized national banking system, and conservative fiscal policy.The Whigs generally opposed westward expansion and manifest destiny.Only two Whigs, William H. Harrison, and Zachary Taylor were ever elected president on their own. Whig presidents John Tyler and Millard Fillmore assumed the presidency through succession.The inability of its leaders to agree on key national issues such as slavery confused voters and led to the eventual breakup of the party. Sources Whig Party: Facts and Summary, History.comBrown, Thomas (1985). Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party. ISBN 0-231-05602-8.Cole, Arthur Charles (1913). The Whig Party in the South, online versionFoner, Eric (1970). Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. ISBN 0-19-501352-2.Holt, Michael F. (1992). Political Parties and American Political Development: From the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln. ISBN 0-8071-2609-8.

The Effect of Sensory-Perceptual Information on Anxiety Level of Essay

The Effect of Sensory-Perceptual Information on Anxiety Level of Patients Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery - Essay Example This project paper outlines the problem, provides a comprehensive literature review and describes the planned interventions that are designed to provide CABG patients with the sensory-perceptual information they need in order to reduce their level of anxiety and increase coping skills. The project will be carried out within a hospital setting, utilizing all patients undergoing CABG who are referred by the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Each intervention is described in detail. Interventions will include a 12-minute video presentation, an informational brochure and informational sessions with the main researcher. At the individual information session, the researcher will adapt the information presented to fit with the cultural background, linguistic preference and health beliefs of the CABG patient. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Background and need for the project 4 Purpose of the project 7 Significance of the project 7 Theoretical Framework 8 Chapter 2 Search strategy 9 Review of literature 9 Studies investigating the association between anxiety/depression and CABG 9 Studies providing systematic literature reviews 12 Studies on educational intervention and other factors 13 Summary and discussion 15 Chapter 3 Implementation procedures 16 Chapter 4 The Project Teaching Plan 18 Objectives 21 Materials 22 Vocabulary 22 Motivation 23 Chapter 5 Summary 23 Conclusions 23 Implications for nursing 24 Recommendation for further study 24 Appendix 25 References 28 Chapter I Background and need for the project Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a procedure that uses a healthy blood vessel to create a bypass, an arterial bridge, that allows blood to be routed around a blocked or diseased artery ("Coronary bypass," 2010). Typically the vessel used is taken from the patient's leg, although vessels from an arm, chest or the abdomen have also been used ("Coronary bypass," 2010). CABG restores normal blood flow to the heart, which produces a variety of beneficial e ffects, such as decreasing the risk for a heart attack. Furthermore, in many cases, the surgery reduces the symptoms being suffered by the patient, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. The principal goals of CABG are to alleviate the symptoms of angina, decrease heart attack risk and prolong and improve the quality of life (McKenzie, Simpson and Stewart, 2010). CABG is a procedure that is widely performed in all developed countries. The American Heart Association reported in 2005 that the annual procedure rate in the US was over 515,000 (Gallagher and McKinley, 2009). The procedure has a relatively low mortality rate and been proven to effectively alleviate the symptoms of angina (Gallagher and McKinley, 2009). Nevertheless, psychological problems, such as the development of anxiety and depression, have been widely reported in connection with patients who have undergone CABG surgery; and, it has been found that these psychological problems are often long-term, as research rep orts that anxiety and depression are evident in roughly one-fifth of CABG patients a year following the surgery (McKenzie, Simpson and Stewart, 2010). Problems with psychological adjustment can lead to adverse events. These adverse coronary events may include further hospitalization and even an increased incidence of mortality (McKenzie, Simpso

PEST Analysis on UK Fixed Line Telecommunication industry Essay

PEST Analysis on UK Fixed Line Telecommunication industry - Essay Example As and when this happens, BT will be superiorly poised to leverage its huge infrastructure to add to its revenues. (Prodhan G. and Biilingham E., 2009) Just like any other market, the UK market has two distinct group of consumers; business consumers residing in metropolitan cities who subscribed to high value services, and the vast mass market spread all over the country who are unwilling/unable to pay a premium for high value services. While BT has been able to obtain a legal ruling against imposition of Universal Service Obligation that would have required it to offer fixed-line connectivity to all UK households, any future imposition of similar clauses by the British Government may severely affect its profitability. (Giles C., n.d.) However, the government also believes that Internet connectivity is core to the growth of the economy and given the severe recessionary conditions now, the government may decide to give a major thrust in increasing Internet connectivity. This may turn out to be a major boost to BT’s fixed line business. (Holton K. and Prodhan G., January 2009) Additionally, it has been indicated that BT will be free to have its own pricing strategy for the 21CN supper fast broad band network. This will help BT increase its profitability. (Parker A. and Fenton B., February 2009) UK has a very stable and matured economy that has little scope for a rapid growth. While the national GDP in 2008 was about 1.8 trillion GBP, the growth rate of the economy in 2008 over 2007 was about 3%. The present crisis has hit the economy hard, and the UK economy is expected to shrink by as much as 2%. (UK output, income and expenditure 4th quarter 2008, February 2009). However, the government has responded by cutting VAT by 250 percentage points, from 17.5 to 15%. If BT can pass this benefit to the end users, it can expect to negate a part of the decline of business due to recession. Additionally,

Effectiveness of International Institutions for Human Rights

Effectiveness of International Institutions for Human Rights Hosea Luy How effective are international institutions in protecting human rights? International institutions face many problems in their effort to protect and promote human rights. They are therefore only moderately effective in their protection of human rights. Although these institutions face limitations to their success, their work and achievements have been crucial to the advancement and promotion of human rights world-wide. It is also important to note that â€Å"until 1945, human rights was generally considered to be a matter within the exclusive domestic sovereignty of states† (Cassel, 2001, p. 134). Consequently international human rights institutions are still young and rapidly growing so we cannot fully analyse their effectiveness. This essay will explore the role and effectiveness of international human rights law through the United Nations, nongovernmental organisations namely Amnesty International and the impact of state sovereignty. It is difficult to pin-point evidence that directly supports the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of international institutions. This is because international institutions work in tandem with other mechanisms to protect human rights, and only together are they successful (Cassel, 2001, p. 123). These mechanisms include the human rights consciousness of the public, nongovernmental organisations and domestic human rights institutions all of which influence each other. This essay will focus on the protection of civil and political rights excluding a major category of human rights, economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights. Progress in these areas has been limited when examined in the context of all those in need of food, medicine, housing and other ESC rights. â€Å"International human rights activists see how little impact they have in taking on matters of purely distributive justice† (Roth, 2004, p. 72), and this is combined with the need for a huge amount of material resources to protect and promote ESC rights (Cassel, 2001, p. 124). The United Nations (UN) is the top global institution and is unrivalled in its capability â€Å"to reach out or into virtually every society, and to establish universally applicable norms† (Gaer, 1995, p. 393). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) is the primary piece of international human rights law and has been signed and ratified by many countries. Any nation state that has signed and ratified the UNDHR is obligated to: â€Å"make laws that protect and promote human rights for all its citizens support non-government organisations that carry out programs to help people who are victims of human rights abuses† (Human Rights: Organisations and Institutions, 2000, para. 12). However there is no legal obligation exists to force signatories to introduce domestic law to follow the standards set by the UNDHR (Steinerte Wallace, 2009, p. 9). This is combined with the sometimes illegitimate excuses of national security and sovereignty that have often been used to â€Å"conceal, excuse or justify human rights abuses† (Human Rights: Organisations and Institutions, 2000, para. 6). International human rights law has quite short history and has since its inception been useful for the protection of human rights (Cassel, 2001, p. 134). It has been most effective through its indirect impacts, setting global standards for nations to follow. This has then influenced action on the domestic level in important areas such as politics, the media and the public consciousness (Cassel, 2001, p. 122). The UN’s direct mechanisms to enforce human rights also have a beneficial impact although this is much more limited (Haynes, Hough, Malik, Pettiford, 2011, p. 452). These mechanisms, such as the Human Rights Committee designated to enforce the standards documented in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, investigate human rights abuses, communicate with governments for emergencies and publicly present their findings and proposals (Gaer, 1995, p. 393). In 2006, a new body, the Human Rights Council (HRC), was created to replace the poor performing UN Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) (Haynes, et al., 2011, p. 452). It is hoped that the HRC may be able to advance human rights in the future with several changes, such as meeting three times a year whereas the UNCHR only met once a year (Haynes, et al., 2011, p. 452). The UN performed a significant role in coordinating an international effort to end the human rights abuses arising from the policy of apartheid in South Africa. Evidence suggests that economic pressures and sanctions during the 1980s, played a crucial role to end the discriminatory regime (Grundy, 1991, p. 85). Nel son Mandela confirmed the large role of the UN in ending the apartheid regime when he addressed the UN General Assembly in 1994. â€Å"We stand here today to salute the United Nations Organization and its Member States, both singly and collectively, for joining forces with the masses of our people in a common struggle that has brought about our emancipation and pushed back the frontiers of racism.† (Reddy, n.d.) International law and the treaties established through the UN should be recognised as a â€Å"useful tool for the protection of human rights, and one which promises to be more useful in the future† (Cassel, 2001, p. 135). Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) are widely understood to be influential players in the field of international relations. They cooperate on a close level with departments of the UN, providing information on human rights situations, giving advice to commissions and committees to set agendas and policy as well as working together with operational agencies to carry out missions (Martens, 2004, p. 1051). Importantly, NGOs seek to be independent of governments and groups attempting to obtain political power (Wiseberg, 1992, p. 372). The primary goals of NGOs include monitoring and reporting on the human rights progress of nation states, especially violations and building pressure on abusers of human rights (Gaer, 1995, p. 394). Amnesty International is one of the largest human rights NGOs (Human Rights: Organisations and Institutions, 2000, para. 15). The creation of the first mechanism that had the ability to take international action in emergencies was a result of detailed NGO repor ts of human rights violations. The Working Group on Forced or Involuntary Disappearances sought to respond to reports in Argentina of the kidnapping and torture of people under the rule of military president Jorge Rafael Videla (Gaer, 1995, p. 392). Following a research mission in 1976, Amnesty International produced a detailed report explaining the existence of detention without judicial order and torture as well as a list of those who had â€Å"disappeared† (Gaer, 1995, p. 392). According to Mariela Belski the Director of Amnesty International in Argentina, â€Å"Argentina led the way in the prosecution of those responsible for the torture, killing and disappearance of thousands of people during the many military governments across Latin America† (Argentina: Death of former military leader who did not escape justice, 2013, para. 2). Amnesty international and other Human rights NGOs have acted as the driving force behind the vast majority of progress in the human righ ts field by the UN (Gaer, 1995, p. 389). They should be considered as crucial elements for the advancement of human rights and they will increase their effectiveness as they grow in the future. A major setback to the effectiveness of international institutions seeking to advance human rights is that national sovereignty overrules international treaties (Human Rights: Organisations and Institutions, 2000, para. 10). The concept of sovereignty was first formally adopted in the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 (Haynes, et al., 2011, p. 29). Westphalia gave state uncontested rule over their nations and legally prevented international interference in a country’s domestic, religious affairs (McCormick, 2012, p. 1). Sovereignty is also stated in the Charter of the United Nations in Article 2-4, barring any attacks on the â€Å"territorial integrity or political independence† of any country and Article 2-7 which limits intervention (McCormick, 2012, p. 1). Each signatory to a global treaty has an obligation to and is responsible and for enacting the international human rights standards in their state’s domestic law (Steinerte Wallace, 2009, p. 12). Often commitmen t to UN treaties leads to an improved respect for human rights. This is mainly true in countries with â€Å"democratically accountable governments or strong civil society† (Neumayer, 2005, p. 930). Although a strong democratic state does not always lead to compliance. Many states, including those that have strong liberal-democratic values continue to use their sovereignty to shirk international law. According to the president of the Australian Human Rights Commission, Gillian Trigg, Australia’s government has breached international law by placing asylum seeker children in detention. As a matter of very clear international law children should not be detained for anything more than what is absolutely necessary for health checks and security checks. (Children in detention: Is Australia breaching international law? 2014) Recent studies suggest that human rights laws have the least effect on nations that need it most, countries with oppressive governments â€Å" without in ternal advocates for reform† (Hafner-Burton Tsutsui, 2007, p. 408). Taking into account cases where international law has been disregarded, we should not be pessimistic about the ratification of human rights treaties by nations including those ruled by repressive governments. This should raise hopes for future progress. The main factors preventing state commitments to international institutions are not the poor and ineffective design of these institutions but the failure of governments to commit themselves to the treaties they have signed (Moravcsik, 1995, p. 181). Much progress has made by international human rights institutions in their short history and they should be commended for that fact. However many barriers still exist that prevent human rights being upheld across all states. The main of which is state sovereignty. Nations may choose to sign international treaties but compliance to these documents and effecting changes in domestic law is not a legal obligation. As a result, it could be argued that international institutions have been weak in their promotion and protection of human rights. Instead we should understand to see these institutions as growing establishments that are still in their infancy having remarkable achievements in a short amount of time. Institutions, in particular the United Nations and NGOs have a crucial role to play in the advancement of human rights and the full effectiveness of their operations is still to be seen. Reference List Cassel, D. (2001). Does international human rights law make a difference? Chicago Journal of International Law, 2(1), 121-135. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/237215195?accountid=10344 Gaer, F. D. (1995). Reality Check: Human Rights Nongovernmental Organisations Confront Governments at the United Nations. Third World Quarterly, 16(3), 389. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3992883 Grundy, Kenneth W., 1991. South Africa: Domestic Crisis and Global Challenge. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Hafner-Burton, E. M., Tsutsui, K. (2007). Justice Lost! The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Matter Where Needed Most. Journal of Peace Research, 44(4), 407-425. DOI: 10.1177/0022343307078942 Haynes, J., Hough, P., Malik, S., Pettiford, L. (2011). World Politics. London: Pearson Education Limited. Martens, K. (2004). An Appraisal of Amnesty Internationals Work at the United Nations: Established Areas of Activities and Shifting Priorities Since the 1990s. Human Rights Quarterly, 26(4), 1050-1070. DOI: 10.1353/hrq.2004.0052 McCormick, C. (2012, September). UNHRC: The Debate over Sovereignty and Human Rights [Lecture Notes]. Retrieved from: http://modelun.ucsd.edu/TopicSynopsis/TritonMUN UNHRC Tibet 9-24-2012.pdf. Moravcsik, A. (1995). Explaining International Human Rights Regimes: Liberal Theory and Western Europe. European Journal of International Relations, 1(2), 157-189. DOI: 10.1177/1354066195001002002 Neumayer, E. (2005). Do international human rights treaties improve respect for human rights? Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(6), 925-953. Retrieved from: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/612/ Reddy, E. S. (n.d.). Nelson Mandela International Day, July 18, For Freedom, Justice and Democracy. In UN.org. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/en/events/mandeladay/apartheid.shtml Roth, K. (2004). Defending Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Practical Issues Faced by an International Human Rights Organization. Human Rights Quarterly, 26(1), 63-73. DOI: 10.1353/hrq.2004.0010 Steinerte, E., Wallace, R.M.M. (2009). United Nations protection of human rights. London: University of London Press Wiseberg, L.S. (1992). Human rights non-governmental organizations, in R Claude B Weston, Human Rights in the World Community, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Wotipka, C., Tsutsui, K. (2008). Global Human Rights and State Sovereignty: State Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties, 1965–2001. Sociological Forum, 23(4), 724-754. doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.00092.x (2000). Human Rights: Organisations and Institutions. In Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved from: http://www.abc.net.au/civics/rights/organ.htm (2013). Argentina: Death of former military leader who did not escape justice. In Amnesty International. Retrieved from: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/argentina-death-former-military-leader-who-did-not-escape-justice-2013-05-17 (2014). Children in detention: Is Australia breaching international law? In ABC News. Retrieved from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-31/children-in-detention-is-australia-breaching-international-law/5344022 1

Microscopy of Living Microbes

Purpose: To prepare students to familiarize themselves with the lab equipment such as the microscope, square glass, cover slips, etc.; to facilitate students to observe the pond water; and enable them to discern and identify the microbes as bacteria, algae, fungi, or protozoa within the pond water. Additionally, this lab experiment will permit students to observe and distinguish the yeast suspension from the other microbes.Data/Results: (Attached)Conclusion: The student acquired the fundamental skills in which to properly handle lab equipment and execute an experiment. By examining the pond water with the 40X lens, the student was able to distinguish and identify the protozoa with cilia: colpidium, which was recognized by its unique oval shape, resembling a peanut, with small hair-like particles comprising the entire surface, and the vascular plant, which was discrete due to its array of composition of cells.By examining the pond water with the 100X lens, the student was able to diff erentiate and classify 1) the cyanobacteria: nostoc due to its distinctive S shape and beads with surrounding cells, 2) two nematodes (phylum nematoda) parallel to one another (the nematodes appeared as slender worms, colorless, and encompassed of cells), and 3) the cyanobacteria: anabaena, which was blue-green in its feature with long filaments of cells (resembling a seaweed structure). By examining the yeast suspension with the 40X lens, the student observed millions of budding yeast cell structures. The student was able to discern between the various structures of pond water microorganisms, such as cilia and algae, and the yeast suspension cellular material.Questions:1. What is Brownian motion and why is it generally seen when bacteria are observed in liquid media? Some bacteria, perhaps many in your presentation did not display Brownian motion. Why is that? Brownian motion is a non-directional movement triggered when cells are blasted by water molecules. Brownian motion is gener ally seen when bacteria are observed in liquid media primarily by the production of gas that bacteria yields, which is converted into liquid fluids. Thus, some bacteria, many in the experiment presentation, did not display Brownian motion because of the lack of energy of the system and the absence of flagella that impels bacteria to move voluntarily.2. How can Brownian motion be distinguished from motility?As mentioned previously, Brownian motion is a non-directional movement triggered when cells are blasted by water molecules whereas motility is the capability of an organism to independently move either towards or away from a specific stimulus. Therefore, Brownian motion is distinguishable from motility due to it being a false movement while motility enables organisms to transfer by means of flagellum, endoflagella, or axil filaments. 3. What are flagella? What is the difference between bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella?Flagella are long protein structures responsible for most type of prokaryotic motility and also propel cells through liquid. Bacterial flagella, which are also referred to as prokaryotic flagella, are smaller than eukaryotic flagella and have a simple structure, are made up of protein flagellin that provides a mechanism of motility, are proton driven, and have a rotatory movement. On the other hand, eukaryotic flagella have a larger and more complex configuration, are composed of tubulin that delivers a mechanism of locomotion, are ATP driven, and have a bending movement.4. In wet mount preparations, is it possible to see eukaryotic flagella? Prokaryotic flagella? In wet mount preparations, it is possible to see eukaryotic flagella, but it is not possible to see prokaryotic flagella. 5. Does crystal clear pond water contain living bacteria? What about air? Your finger? All things that are not sterile do contain living bacteria such as pond water, air, and fingers.

Coursework †Metamorphosis Essay

Gregor must work at a job he hates to pay off his family’s debts. The family is in debt, but he is the only one who has a job. While he wakes up early and goes on the train until late at night, his father has a leisurely life. Kafka writes, â€Å"for his father breakfast was the most important meal time in the day, which he prolonged for hours by reading various newspapers. † Instead of working, he is eating and reading newspapers for many hours. At this time, Gregor must work to support the whole family. Later, he finds out that the family has enough money to live on for a few years and maybe Gregor did not have to work so hard. Kafka writes, â€Å"with this excess money, he could have paid off more of his father’s debt to his employer and the day on which he could be rid of this position would have been a lot closer. † He is like a servant, and this is not natural for a family member. Changing into the insect is symbolic of being liberated from this life. Since he is now a bug and cannot work, he does not have to be responsible for paying off the family’s debt anymore. Instead, the family has to be responsible. Therefore, the metamorphosis is also symbolic of the family being liberated because they do not depend on Gregor anymore. They depend on themselves for support. After the change, the mother and sister must do the cooking and the family must all get jobs. Once that happens, the family quickly decides that they do not want or need Gregor anymore. They are independent and decide that Gregor is not an important part of the family. Question 2: If the story was set in contemporary America and Gregor was working two jobs, the plot would change in many ways. If he is working two jobs, it is probably because they are barely able to pay the debts. The family would already be working, they would not get new jobs so easily, and there would be no servant girl or lodgers. If Gregor had two jobs, the other family would probably be working too. This would change the plot significantly. If all the family is working, Gregor would not be the only one responsible for the debts. After the metamorphosis, the family would not have enough money. If they are already working and Gregor loses two jobs, the family would be more in debt every day. Also, in the story, the family starts working soon after Gregor is changed to an insect. However, today it is not so simple to get a job like in the story. If the family has to get new jobs, it would take a long time and their debts would be higher. In addition, there would not have been a servant in the story. Kafka writes, â€Å"The servant girl was now let go. A huge bony cleaning woman with white hair flying all over her head came in the morning and evening to do the heaviest work. The mother took care of everything else in addition to her considerable sewing work. † If Gregor was working two jobs, the family would not have a servant girl or cleaning woman. They would not have enough money and the family would do this work themselves. Also, the family gets rent from three lodgers. Today, lodgers are not so common so the family would be forced to find other ways to get money. The story does not say if the rent is a lot of money, but one of the family would have to get another job to replace the rent. Question 3: I researched â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and found two very good resources: 1. The Modern World. 16 Mar. 2007 . This website is a collection of information about Franz Kafka and â€Å"The Metamorphosis. † It has a biography, review of the story, and a collection of other resources like papers, research, and websites. 2. Bloom, Harold, ed. Franz Kafka’s the Metamorphosis. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. This is a book with many essays about â€Å"The Metamorphosis. † I read â€Å"Metamorphosis of the Metapho r† by Stanley Corngold and â€Å"From Marx to Myth: The Structure and Function of Self-Alienation in Kafka’s Metamorphosis† by Walter H. Sokel. In â€Å"From Marx to Myth: The Structure and Function of Self-Alienation in Kafka’s Metamorphosis,† Walter H. Sokel writes Gregor turns into an insect because he has self-contempt. Sokel writes, â€Å"Seeing himself as vermin, and being treated as such by his business and family, the traveling salesman Gregor Samsa literally turns into vermin† (105). I agree with the author when he says vermin represents the way Gregor is treated, but I do not agree that Gregor sees himself this way. Gregor does not like his job, but must go to work to â€Å"pay off my parents’ debt† to his boss. His family uses him because he can make money and pay off the debts. His boss uses him because he can make money for the company. Kafka writes about Gregor, â€Å"He was the boss’s minion, without backbone or intelligence. † He cannot even miss work if he is sick. He certainly is treated like vermin by his family and boss. However, I do not see that Gregor thinks he is vermin until after he turns into an insect. He seems to be proud that he supports his family.

National Airspace and Airport Congestion Case Study

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Any loss, delays, or inability to transport passengers will mean a loss of revenue, not only for the airlines, but the communities and industries this mode of transportation and facilities support. With an industry that affects approximately 4.9 to 5.2 percent of the United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP), it is imperative that they resolve the issues of our National Airspace System and our airline and airport infrastructure. I will use my assigned carrier, American Airlines, and the primary hubs that support the company and define what the airline hubs capacity is today and the requirements that will meet the needs of the future in theShow MoreRelatedNational Airspace and Airport Congestion Case Study1401 Words   |  6 Pagesforeseeable future. This congestion has been proven to cause costly delays and potential hazards to commercial aviation and the airport environment. 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