Billionaries - 1421 Words

Billionaires: We are all the same Billionaires: We are all the same The number of billionaires has risen to a record 1,645 billionaires with an aggregate net worth of $6.4 trillion according to Forbes Magazine (â€Å"Forbes Billionaires†). The year the United States is back at the top with Bill Gates as the richest man in the world, worth about $76 billion (â€Å"Forbes Billionaires†). It seems that even though the amount of billionaires has increased, there are people who still live in poverty. As reported by Forbes (2014), America’s wealth is shrinking because of falling home prices. Rises in home prices help the middle class; while the rise in stock prices help the rich. Wealth inequality has a negative and significant effect on†¦show more content†¦Gates also mentioned that these innovations will help with improving the world and jumpstart the economy. Bill Gates and Melinda Gates started to help the less fortunate and discovered that kids were dying every year over a treatable virus. Rotavirus was killing 600,000 children per year. They decided to pledge $750 million to help with the cost of a vaccine that would save thousands of children (Gates, 2009). These days middle class households are less likely to own homes. The gap between rich and poor has widened with the poor also helping each other (Forbes,2013) The wealthy owns most of the stock. Only 9.5% of middle class families own stock. Middle class income households depend on the rich household on the value of their homes (Forbes, 2013). With rising home prices, people tend to feel more financially secure and more willing to spend. On the other hand, there are also Billionaires that are for the people, such as Mark Zuckerberg(founder of Facebook) and his wife Priscilla Chan. They have given 25 million to the CDC to fight Ebola and gave $120 million to the Bay area schools. Mark Zuckerberg has been extremely generous and plans to donate at least half of his worth of $29.7 billion. Zuckerberg is trying to make internet to all people even people in third- world countries

Nature/Nurture Debate on Gender with Reference to David...

David Reimer was born on 22nd August 1967 as a male identical twin. His birth name was Bruce and his twin brother was named Brian. At the age of 8 months while undergoing a circumcision operation, Bruce’s penis was burned beyond surgical repair. Ten months after the operation, Bruce’s parents became associated with Dr. John Money, a world renowned sex researcher developing a reputation in the field of gender identity. Dr. Money argued it was possible for a person to change gender successfully through surgery, socialisation and hormone replacement. Unaware Dr. Money had never attempted this before, Bruce’s parents, Ron and Janet Reimer consented. On 3rd July 1967 Bruce was surgically castrated and renamed Brenda. Brenda’s parents†¦show more content†¦When it was born it behaved in the same assertive ways that male monkeys behaved. It challenged other males to fights, joined in rough and tumble games and tried to mate with female monkeys. Other studies of animals being injected with opposite sex hormones produced similar results. It is important not to generalise animal study findings to human beings who are very much aware of their behaviour and are able to control it. Imperato-McGinley et al (1974) studied members of the Batista family who, due to a mutant gene, were born with the external features of a young girl, but physically changed into men at puberty. The large increase in testosterone at puberty activated a process that should have occurred during prenatal development and so they developed male gentile and became men also showing masculine behaviour and going on to marry women. The easy adjustment of the Batista children led scientists to challenge the usual view that male or female behaviour is determined more by the way we are brought up than by our physiology. They suggest that there may be part of the brain which is different in males and females which governs much of what we think of as sex-role behaviour. However, critics of the Biological approach would argue the Batista’s may have been able to adopt masculine behaviour more readily because of their supportive environment, rather than biological changes. If biological factors explained genderShow MoreRelatedD1- Analyse the Significance of Genetic Influences as Opposed to Social Factors in Human Development1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn D1 I will be assessing the genetic and social factors on a person’s development; I will be using the David Reimer and few case studies of my own about twins. I will then come to my own conclusion of which one I think is the most important in each story nature or nurture. First of all David Reimer (then known as Bruce) was genetically born a boy however in 1966 his penis was destroyed by accident during a circumcision, his parents then took him to a psychologist and sexologists John Money.Read MoreThe Nature of Development Essay2289 Words   |  10 Pagesway their chin points, nurture and nature affect every aspect of human life. There is a debate brewing in the psychological, sociological and scientific communities over which of these two have the higher influence. While most of the members of these communities acknowledge the fact that both nature and nurture affect development, some believe that only one solely determines certain aspects of life, such as gender. Dr. John Money is one of these people; he believes that gender identity is solely aRead MoreAnalysis Of David Reimer s From Undoing Gender 1742 Words   |  7 PagesWhile Judith Butler’s claim in her essay â€Å"From Undoing Gender† is challenging, complex, and comprehensi ble, she provides somewhat enough evidence, and analysis of David Reimer’s case to prove her claim that society uses language to set the norms of what a gender should be and how one should act in accordance with one’s gender. First, Butler’s use of David Reimer’s case, known as â€Å"the John/Joan case† (Interview: John Colapinto†), â€Å"a boy who accidentally had his penis burned and subsequently amputated

Singapore Telecommunication Limited Company -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Singapore Telecommunication Limited Company? Answer: Introduction The report is about an international company i.e. Singapore Telecommunication limited which is popularly known as SingTel. The report will discuss the business environment which can have a major impact on the financial performance of the SingTel. Along, with this, the report will provide recommendations for the company to improve its competitive advantages. Overview of Company Singapore Telecommunication Limited (normally known as SingTel, and earlier portrayed as Sing Tel), it deals in the sector of the telecommunications industry (SingTel, 2018). Singapores biggest operators of the mobile network are SingTel with 4.1 million subscribers and have combined subscribers of mobile through subsidiaries with customers base of 640 million in 2017 (Dun Bradstreet, 2018). Till 1995 SingTel was also called as Equipment Telecommunications. It offers networks of a mobile phone, fixed-line telephony services, and ISP (Business wire, 2010). SingTel has increased its market share and gone out of the boundary of home market and has its shares in various regional operators, consisting 100% of the Optus. It is the second largest telecom of Australia which was acquire from Cable Wireless in 2001 and another shareholder of Optus, and Bharti Airtels 32.15% which is the biggest carrier in India (National Library Board Singapore, 2018). Vision The vision of SingTel is to become the best company of communication technology in the Asia Pacific (SingTel, 2018). Mission The mission of SingTel Company is to break the barriers and build strong relations with the customers. Impact of Business Environment on the Financial Performance of SingTel Company There are various environmental factors that have an impact on the SingTels financial performance. Trade barriers, changes in government policy, tax changes, demographic change and new laws are some of the examples of change in business environment. Political The Singapores Telecommunication Authority i.e. (Tas) has strongly supported the Telecommunications Privatization and Liberalization in Singapore. The whole telecommunication industry including SingTel Company has entered in a phase which is determined by fast-changing technology and encouraged by the demands of progressively cultured end-users. In order to fulfil these demands, the worldwide trend towards Liberalization, Deregulation, and Privatization has increased in the Telecommunication industry. This particular trend has generated various opportunities along with the challenges for SingTel Company. Competition, Deregulation, and Liberalization, therefore, propose a feasible method for safeguarding the delivery of services with better quality at extremely viable prices. Economics One of the factors that affect the business of SingTel Company directly is economic situation. Globalization has crossed the national boundaries, unlocked and enlarged business and trade has similarly an opportunity for the country. Therefore, the use of services and telecommunication devices has improved globally and the development is anticipated to carry on. This has offered the opportunity to SingTel Company to participate overseas, in order to increase the market share and uphold productivity. Recently, the government of Singapore has greatly invested in expanding the economy. The business sector will generate a better environment in order to help and encourage the employees as well as launching the financial and legal business structure. The overall economic sector will regularly grow such as financial service, retail, and tourism industry and consultant service. The expansion of several economic factors offers SingTel the opportunity to increase business domestically. Social- Culture The culture of Singapore is distinctive with four main ethnic groups: Malays, Eurasians, Indians, and Chinese. Today also they intensely have faith in their traditional value while the younger or new generation has started adopting the western culture. Particularly, there is a stage in the Singaporean attitude that kiasu which means scared of losing out to other. Through this attitude, several young Singaporean has operated hard to get high income and follow the modern and new technology. They continuously change their lifestyle, the demand for quality goods and purchase behavior. This reflects an opportunity for SingTel Company to raise their profits and returns by proposing the customized and new services and product (Frue, 2018). Technology Nowadays, there are continuous development and changes in the technology. The modern services like Internet telephone and the rising users of telecommunication are the cause for the company to invest in advanced technologies for developing services and products. In the present business scenario, SingTel Company includes services in their offerings like a telephone line, mobile services, internet services and e-commerce. But SingTel Company has recognized internet-based activities and e-commerce, which have a major growth in customer segments. Thus, investment in technology is an essential part of the strategy of SingTel Company for the long-term growth. Similarly, the high investment in established technology was the serious issues made SingTels flourish in the past. Legal In 2009, IDA (Info-communications Development Authority of Singapore) has announced a decision with concern to the exemption request of SingTel for the government customer and business segment and Individual Markets. This assists SingTel to pursue an exemption from the application of Dominant Licensee regulation to its facility in six individual markets of telecommunication services, overall services of retail telecommunication services to customers in the segment of the business and government customer with a yearly spend on the services of telecommunication of at least S$250,000. In the whole world, the most advanced communication and information technology is in Singapore with very great heights of access. This has become possible because of the countrys small size along with the increasing levels of government commitments towards excellence of telecommunication and income of people. SingTel Company was initially a monopoly on the field of ICT till the other companies entered in the market (Zhu, 2018). Environment Changes in climate and global warming can disturb how telecommunication services and products reach customers. In the matter of employment, with the advancement of technology, employees have to grab or adopt the changes. Products will come and go, frequently switched by something better (based on who is inquired, company or customer). Demands of the customers and telecom companies are anticipated to deliver. But with wants in the industry of telecom altering frequently, it's not definite which technology will remain for longer, be progressive, or discarded. SingTel Company faces the danger of the breakdown of, damage of, or loss to the infrastructure of the network from original (Catastrophe) or man-made reasons. Strengths Most of the operational, strategic and financial dynamics of SingTel are presently enhancing. It is working as a sign that the present business strategies of the company are demonstrating to be fruitful and successful (MBA Skool, 2018). The companys key business events are focused in Australia and Singapore and their associates are placed in Hong Kong, India, Philippines, Belgium, Indonesia, Thailand and Taiwan. The spread of geographical processes will help the company; because they will be less depending on the domestic market in order to earn revenue. Maximum of their businesses are receiving revenue growth in double-digit over the past year. Weaknesses In Asia, SingTel Company is a top telecommunication company; the customer service department of the company has some scope for improvement. Under the present highly competitive environment, companies have to offer different products, therefore; to do this the company should provide training to its employees in order to handle the problems of the customers more effectively. Opportunities Vietnam and Africa are the emerging markets in mobile space, which absolutely value their interest, and SingTel Company is keenly captivating the lead to discover the unused developing telecom market. Threats At the time when Star Hub and Mobile One get certificates to sell Apples widely held iPhone and they established on 9 December 2009, the 15th-month monopoly was lost by SingTel Company. Therefore, the company will probably face stronger competition in the domestic market. Recommendations The SingTel Company must make non-replaceable and appreciated competitive advantage by creating durable core competencies and proficiencies. Depending on the competitive advantage, Richard DAveni and Cliff Bowman used Strategy Clock in order to describe Michael Porters generic strategy. This strategy signifies diverse places in a market where consumers have diverse necessities in terms of worth for money. The company can have exclusive resources that others cant copy or acquire, for instance, long-term recognized brand; have a cost leadership as they follow lower-prices or price-based strategy. On the other hand, in the small local saturated market such as Singapore, managers might take hybrid strategy or differentiation strategy that offers exclusive or somewhat diverse services or products to customers from others by valuing a little higher. SingTel Company should implement a cost leadership strategy, because the company can competently make services with unique attributes, along with the ability to retain cost at the same time. The company can earn additional income by fulfilling the growing demands of the customer, and permit its services and products to be supposed inversely from the competitors which will work as an opportunity for the company to gain the customers loyalty. Along with this, the strategy of cost leadership would allow the company to vend its services and products both at normal prices in the industry in order to get more profits as compared to competitors or at less than the prices of the industry to increase the market shares. As alternatives or substitutes influence the companies of telecommunication by price competition, the strategy of cost leadership can be utilized in order to counter the new entrant's threat and alternates; providing it a competitive advantage (Zhu, 2018). Conclusion The above report has provided the brief explanation of the environmental factors that affect the financial position of the SingTel Company. PESTLE and SWOT are performed to explain the same which has explained all the factors that affect the business. Along with this, the report has provided some recommendation that can help SingTel Company to improve its productivity and competitive advantage. In the conclusion, it has been identified that the company can adopt cost leadership strategy to give competition to the new entrants in the Singapore market. References Business wire, 2010, Research and Markets: Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel) - SWOT Analysis, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101207005883/en/Research-Markets-Singapore-Telecommunications-Limited-SingTel-- Dun Bradstreet, 2018, Singapore Telecommunications Limited Company Information, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.singapore_telecommunications_limited.c030f6883ed3f00b.html Frue, K., 2018, PESTLE Analysis of the Telecommunication Industry, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-of-the-telecommunication-industry/ MBA Skool, 2018, SingTel Optus SWOT Analysis, USP Competitors, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://www.mbaskool.com/brandguide/telecom-service-providers/10444-singtel-optus.html National Library Board Singapore, 2018, Singapore Telecommunications (SingTel), Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1610_2011-03-21.html SingTel, 2018, About The Singtel Group, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://info.singtel.com/sustainabilityreport2015/pdf/Chapter3_SR2015_AboutSingtel.pdf SingTel, 2018, Company Profile, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://www.singtel.com/about-us/company/company-profile Zhu, A., 2018, Singtel Business-level Strategy, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://business-strategy-competition.knoji.com/singtel-businesslevel-strategy/ Zhu, A., 2018, External Analysis of Singapore Telecom, Accessed on: 23 January 2018, Accessed from: https://business-strategy-competition.knoji.com/external-analysis-of-singapore-telecom/

The Louisiana Purchase Posed Several Si free essay sample

According to his decisions, he was capable of classifying his beliefs and actions and the significance of Louisiana Purchase he posted on national expansion. Jefferson believed in keeping the United States as agricultural land, and thats for it required to expand the United States geographically to keep a principled republic. Some people believed that if United States could get too large the republics would not be able to act properly, and unquestionable disagreed.It might be right or wrong even you could say it was constitutional or not, personally believe that the purchase of Louisiana territory was a conclusive attempt of Thomas Jefferson and that made the nations expansion. In edition, it brought up the platform for the settlement and gained the Southwest and the Oregon County. In 1800 Spain struck a mystery agreement to give back the trans-Mississippi domain to France, in the trusts that a French Louisiana would give a support zone between Spains more significant property in Mex ico and the area hungry Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Louisiana Purchase Posed Several Si or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The French sovereign Napoleon acknowledged the exchange couldnt offer to anybody without Spains authorization. From the U. S viewpoint, Spain had demonstrated a frail western neighbor, yet France was another story. Jefferson was so frightened by the reputed exchange that he taught Robert R. Livingston, Americas priest in France, to approach the French and offer to purchase New Orleans. From the start time, the French denied they claimed the city.Anyhow when Livingston indicated that the United States might seize it if purchasing was impossible, the French mediator approached him to name his price for the entire Louisiana Territory from the Gulf of Mexico north to Canada. In the wake of dealing, the United States purchased the entire Louisiana region for somewhat more than a nickel a square mile. Very nearly war with Britain, France required both cash and cordial lack of bias from the Elicited States, and t got both from the fast offer of the Louisiana domain.Be that as it may in offering Louisiana to the United States, French had broken its concurrence with Spain, who dissented that the deal was illicit. Thomas Jefferson may have won the fight over the wrongness of the bargain as it transgressed Article Ill of San Oldness Treaty. However the fight was anticipating him inside over the dependability Of the arrangement. The elucidation Of constitution was a significant issue that separated the two gatherings in congress.The Republicans were stating that anything that was excluded in he constitution is unlawful while the Federalists needed to increase the constitution to give more impact to the focal government. This line of thinking changed with the Federalist depending on a tight and boundless translation of the constitution conversely with the Republicans who were going for an expansive el actuation of the constitution to permit the coordination of Louisiana region into the union. The starting point of the sudden change of both gatherings needs to do with the worry of New England that permitting the U. S to become west would damage its constituent power.They were not against the examination of Louisiana as an issue as they were additionally wanting to enroll Canada into the union yet for political reasons the Louisiana Purchase was debilitating to the Federalist Party. Humorously, it was the conditions of New England who paid for the Louisiana Purchase because of its high import obligations contrasted with the South Jefferson was confronted with a difficulty, he is republican who is strict to name any approach that is not depicted in the constitution as unlawful and all the while needing to discover a proviso for the settlement to be established.Fundamentally, Thomas Jefferson needed to purchase the Louisiana domain without the need to ferret the constitution for any procurement that would make the buy lawful. President Jefferson confronted two choices either to hunt down a sacred procurement that would permit him to make the buy or sign the settlement without the need of a reinforcement from the constitution. At last, President Thomas Jefferson picked the decision under the exhortation of Attorney General Levi Lincoln by playing on words, which is as opposed to stating including another region the U.S, would say grow its domain that as of now existed. In his eighth Congress discourse, President Thomas Jefferson abstained from discussing the dependability of the Purchase, and as there were a greater number of Republicans than Federalists in the house the arrangement was marked by the congress. Alternately, numerous Federalist congressmen contradicted the agreement, for example, Gaylord Griswold who not just handled the issue of legality of the bargain additionally requested verification that the region was under French tenet and not the Spanish one.Federalists were attempting to discover any proviso about the bargain as they were sorry to say America old be overpowered by Louisiana which would bring about the loss of their political and monetary force. Incidentally, the Republicans combin ed their case with two contentions. In the first place, if the constitution does not detail the right of the state to sign settlements then is The Louisiana Purchase Treaty unlawful as well as all the arrangements that America marked previously. Second, history has proven time and again that the U. S constitution never expressed the development of America, yet the constitution could not be restricted to the occurrence when the constitution as drafted, as the Northwest and South extension were not settled, along these lines the wrongness of the bargain could not be seen from a slender understanding of the constitution.The Louisiana Purchase agreement was a significant settlement that permitted the IS. S to twofold its size and turn into a solid power and engaging the focal government Jefferson was a practical individual who notwithstanding his strict meaning of the constitution, thought it was for the best enthusiasm of the United States of America to seize the chance of securing an unlimited area.The constitutional issues of the arrangement made ready for the Supreme Court under the chief justice John Marshal in 1 828 to respect the forces of the president to sign agreements as an issue right, in this way finishing the quest ions of wrongness of the giveaway as both obtaining new domains were permitted in the constitution either by triumph or treaty.Nevertheless, the comprehending protected quandary, the settlement was a significant form up for peaceful relations in the middle of France and the U. S or to be more exact the reappearance of the relations between the two nations to be typical disregarding the administration change in France.

Critique Of Andrew Abbott Essays - Andrew Abbott, Free Essays

Critique Of Andrew Abbott Essays - Andrew Abbott, Free Essays Critique Of Andrew Abbott Part A: Summary Introduction: Andrew Abbotts book, The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labour contains a mix of comparative historical analysis and current evaluation, which is assembled within an analytical model that looks at professions from the viewpoint of their jurisdictions, the tasks they do, the expert knowledge needed for those tasks, and how competitive forces internally and externally work to change both the jurisdictions and the tasks. Abbott attempts to show that professions are interdependent systems, containing internal structures. He accomplishes this task by means of analyzing the emergence of modern professions and their relationships with each other cooperatively and competitively. Section I: Work, Jurisdiction, and Competition Abbotts book takes on an individualistic direction in its inception then moves to a more systematic view of professions. Modern studies of formal professions began with the rise of the discipline of social sciences in the 19th century. In the beginning, scholars debated about the theoretical interpretations of professionalism. There was a split between proponents of functionalist and monopolistic approaches. However, academics on both sides agreed, that a profession was an occupational group with some special skill (Abbott 1988: 7). Abbott mentions that there have been four different perspectives that have sought to interpret professionalization, a functional, structural, monopolistic, and a cultural view. Abbott states that the tasks of professions are to provide expert service to amend human problems (Abbott 1988: 33). These problems can be objective, in that they originate naturally or through technological imperatives. Problems can also be subjective, whereby they are imposed by society or a culture either from the present or past. Abbott argues that the real difference between the objective and subjective qualities of problems is a difference in amenability to cultural work (Abbott 1988: 36). Abbott outlines that there are several types of objective foundations for professional tasks. Some being technological, some organizational, other sources of objective qualities lay in natural objects and facts, while others came from slow-changing cultural structures. Abbott also argues that a profession is always vulnerable to changes in the objective character of its central tasks (Abbott 1988: 39). Besides the objective qualities, professional tasks also have subjective qualities, which m ake them susceptible to change. Unlike objective tasks, change does not come from the vagaries of external forces, but from the activities of other professions impinge[ing] on the subjective qualities (Abbott 1988: 39). According to Abbott, three acts helped to embody the cultural logic of professional practice. The three subjective modalities being diagnosis, inference, and treatment. Diagnosis is the process wherein information is taken into the professional knowledge system, and treatment is wherein instruction is brought back out from it (Abbott 1988: 40). During the process of diagnosis, relevant information about the client is assembled into a picture of the clients needs. This picture is then categorized into a proper diagnostic category. This process consists of two sub-processes known as colligation and classification. Colligation is the first step in which the professional knowledge system begins to structure the observed problems (Abbott 1988: 41). Colligation is the forming of a picture of the client, and consists primarily of rules declaring what kinds of evidence are relevant and irrelevant, valid and invalid, as well as rules specifying the admissible level of ambiguity (Abbott 1988: 41). Classification is the referral of the colligated picture to the dictionary of professional legitimate problems (Abbott 1988: 41). Colligation and classification help to define which type of problems fall under which body of profession, and specifically what kind of problem it is in that particular profession. Abbott mentions that sometimes problems of classification arise. For some problems are constantly shifting classifications, and fall under more than one classification, due to their defining traits. This may lead to intervention or competition by other professions who want to assimilate the unclear problem into their own professional repertoire (Abbott 1988: 44). The procedure of treatment is organized around a classification system and a brokering process, whereby results are given to the client and prescription is offered (Abbott 1988: 44). One major problem associated with treatment is the clients willingness to accept treatment. A profession that adamantly forces clien ts to take treatment risks losing clients to their competition who may be

Marsupials - Marsupialia - The Animal Encyclopedia

Marsupials - Marsupialia - The Animal Encyclopedia Marsupials (Marsupialia) are a group of mammals that like most other groups of mammals bear live young when the embryos are in an early stage of development. In some species such as the bandicoot, the gestation period is as short as 12 days. The young crawl up the mothers body and into the her marsupium- a pouch located on the mothers abdomen. Once inside the marsupium, the baby attaches to a nipple and nurses on milk until it is large enough to leave the pouch and better fend for itself in the outside world. Larger marsupials tend to give birth to a single offspring at a time, while smaller sized marsupials give birth to larger litters. Marsupials were common in many areas of North America during the Mesozoic and outnumbered placental mammals. Today, the only living marsupial in North America is the opossum. Marsupials first appear in the fossil record from South America during the Late Paleocene. They later appear in the fossil record from Australia during the Oligocene, where they underwent diversification during the Early Miocene. It was during the Pliocene that the first of the larger marsupials appeared. Today, marsupials remain one of the dominant land mammals in South America and Australia. In Australia, a lack of competition has meant that marsupials were able to diversify and specialize. Today there are insectivorous marsupials, carnivorous marsupials, and herbivorous marsupials in Australia. Most South American marsupials are small and arboreal animals. The reproductive tract of female marsupials differs from placental mammals. In female marsupials there are two vaginas and two uteruses whereas placental mammals have a single uterus and vagina. Male marsupials also differ from their placental mammal counterparts. They have forked penis. The brains of marsupial are also unique, it is smaller than that of placental mammals and lacks a corpus callosum, the nerve tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Marsupials are quite varied in their appearance. Many species have long back legs and feet and an elongated face. The smallest marsupial is the long-tailed planigale and the largest is the red kangaroo. There are 292 species of marsupials alive today. Classification Marsupials are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Marsupials Marsupials are divided into the following taxonomic groups: American marsupials (Ameridelphia) - There are about 100 species of American marsupials alive today. Members of the group include opossums and shrew opossums. American marsupials are the older of the two lineages of modern marsupials, which means it was members of this group that later migrated to Australia and diversified.Australian marsupials (Australidelphia) - There are about 200 species of Australian marsupials alive today. Members of this group include the Tasmanian devil, numbats, bandicoots, wombats, marsupial moles, pygmy possums, koalas, kangaroos, wallabies and many others. Australian marsupials are further divided into five groups.

Micro economics homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Micro economics homework - Assignment Example es like Iceland, Japan, and Norway may end-up continuously and excessively kill endangered species like the humpback and the fin whales either for scientific research and/or commercial purposes (McCurry; Sea Shepherd Conservation Society b, c). The farmers can easily breed chicken but not whales. During the breeding period, the farmers can just put a rooster and hens inside a cage for several days and allow the hens to sit on their eggs while on the nests (Lyons, Collier and Silvy). After a short span of more than 21 days, the farmers can already expect the eggs to hatch (Loch, de Oliveira and de Silva). Even though the birth of twins is possible, Day revealed that â€Å"most females will only give birth to one calf at a time† as compared to multiple eggs in the case of the chicken. Furthermore, it usually takes a longer period of time (between 11 to 17 months) before a female whale can give birth (Day). This explains why the farmers can easily increase the supply of chicken but not the supply of whales. Earlier, it was mentioned that most whales are killed either for scientific research and/or commercial purposes. Considering the differences between the breeding period requirements of chicken and whale, a significant increase in demand for whales would definitely mean an increased risk of endangering the whale species. The Sea Shepherd’s attempt to cut short of Nisshin Maru’s whaling season does not always lead to lower revenue on the part of the whaling company not unless there is a strict government intervention with regards to its selling price. To be able to clearly understand this argument, one has to be clear that a whale is not a homogenous product wherein the buyers could easily find an alternative product (Tewari and Singh 165). Since whales are considered as heterogeneous or differentiated products, the whaling company has the advantage to dictate the market prices of whale products. Based on a simple micro-economic explanation, it is the supply

Personal Work Group Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Work Group Evaluation - Assignment Example The goal of the group was to select three subjects with which the program should be launched and how many questions should be asked in a single set. The group is also expected to suggest other features that would make this service attractive for the students. The group membership consists of four members: two school textbook editors, an IT specialist, and a finance expert from the same organization. The group started off on a positive note since the people knew one another from the organization but, except for the two editors, had not worked together on a project before. During the forming stage, the members met in a conference room and exchanged greetings. The IT specialist introduced the project and asked the textbook editors to suggest which subjects should be selected. The group then seemed to enter the storming stage as the editors disagreed on several issues. One editor wanted to select high school science subjects whereas the other editor stressed on using English questions for ESL and EFL students. They interrupted each other frequently and ultimately, the other two members had been left out of the discussion and it became a tussle between the two editors. Eventually, the IT specialist noted that decisions could not be made in this way and that it was necessary to establish some norms. He suggested that each member would share their ideas along with the pros and cons so that a balanced discussion can take place. He also suggested that in the end a vote would be taken to decide which subjects to select. The members agreed that they needed more time to research about the size of the market and the pros and cons of their choices. The meeting was adjourned on this note. During the proceedings, the two editors engaged in turf protection and in establishing their authority over each other. They shared ideas but merely to reject competing ones. The IT

Explain Biblical Ideas About the Goodness of God Essay Example for Free

Explain Biblical Ideas About the Goodness of God Essay Throughout the bible the goodness of God is shown in many ways, the bible presents God as being morally perfect, and everything that he is or will ever be is also presented as morally perfect; The Bible presents God as benevolent, an all loving figure. It displays this in a number of ways throughout the Bible, the first and possible the most important way is in the first book of the Bible, Genesis. Genesis states that everything that God creates is â€Å"Very good†; When God created the world in the Genesis creation story he commanded various things. â€Å"And God said, Let there be light: and there was light, and God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness â€Å". (Genesis 1:3-4). The authors of the bible when praising God do so because he provides reason for it. The creation of animals, plants and waters are all necessary for the sustainment of life, and religion, Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth and God said, See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food. (Genesis 1:28-29). Some Christians believe that there is still goodness like God’s around us today in the form of stewardship. We look after our world to improve it so we can pass it on to the next generation. Another way in which the bible shows Gods goodness is; Christians believe that God’s goodness is shown in his son Jesus, and his sacrifice in the name of God. Jesus came to earth as God in human form, he done this to experience the lives of his people. God thought it was all well and good requesting people to follow rules but because he cares he wanted to experience the lives of his believers and the difficulties they incur so he sent Jesus. Jesus was the ideal of moral goodness for humanity; he displayed the right way in which people should treat each other and how to worship God, and this was recorded and passed onto future generations by it being retold in the bible, even today people can still read it and gain knowledge of Gods sacrifice. The form of good described in the bible is very different from Platos form of good; Platos form of good was perfect and it didnt exist on Earth it existed in the realm, making it a concept and not personal to anyone, Platos form of good doesnt take an interest in situations or in life, it just simply exists, where as the idea of Gods good in the bible focuses almost entirely on moral behaviour. It is concerned that humanity should be making the right choices to life by and always aims to be good. Plato’s form of the good is perfect, but because it doesn’t physically exist what ever goodness is on earth is only of copy of the ideal thus making it imperfect when it is practiced. So whatever you think you are doing is good, it is not. However God believes that everyone can be morally good thus living their lives accordingly. As soon as God creates humans he gives them rules of follow, they are to take responsibility for the earth he has created and not take from the tree of knowledge. This shows that he cares not for worship being their main duty, but he takes an interest in their lives. Gods goodness is also shown through his love in the bible, God gives humans free will, to make their own moral decisions but he clearly sets out what is right and what is wrong. However he doesn’t force them into obeying those rules, he is loving and lets them choose for themselves, this is an act of love. He knows that because he has made man in his image (Genesis 1:27) they are like God and they know what is expected of them. Even thought they haven’t been socialised they still know what is morally right. Plato would agree with this statement because he believes we all have knowledge of ideal forms from birth. God commands things to be good because he is omniscient and knows all. So everything that he commands will be perfect, good and loving.

Persuasive Essay on Concealed Weapons Laws -- Papers Gun Laws Weapon E

Persuasive Essay on Concealed Weapons Laws Just imagine for a moment if you would. You Just finished a long hard week of work, and you are looking forward to the reward of going out for a night on the town. You go home get cleaned up, put on your sharpest outfit and head over to your dates house to pick her up. Nothing could be more perfect. The evening air is the right temperature with just enough breeze to catch your cologne and waft it through the air. And the evening itself is enough to remember because of the moons reflection off of the newly harvested fields and ever-flowing creeks. It would seem as though this would be the perfect setting to a wonderful date. And yes it would be, except for the traumatic experience, which encountered one of my closest friends on the ride home, after dropping his date off. He was on his way home and in between towns when my friend saw a truck pulled over to the side of the road. Hood up, doors open, and the truck itself turned towards the ditch on the side of the road. Being from the small town he was from he believed in always giving a helping hand to those in need. Especially when he knew people in his community had been there for him before in his time of crises. He was flagged down by an individual that had told him they had a blow out on their vehicle and that the passenger was injured and would greatly appreciate his help. My friend stepped out of the vehicle and around the passenger side of the parked truck, and before he knew it he had a gun drawn upon his chest and a man now demanding money instead of help. My friend complied and gave the man his wallet and money he had just earned to get him through the weeks ahead. The assailant then ordered my friend to turn h... ...d thoughts and ideas. Just as in Florida a few years back when their conceal to carry law was enacted, and results were blatantly obvious when the criminals were no longer attacking local citizens. But moving on to the individuals they knew couldn't carry concealed weapons, the tourists. That's why so many rental car agencies have tried to conceal their cars as not being part of any type of rental agency, for their customers protection. The information in this speech was intended to make you think a little bit more about society and the preventative measures we can take to deter some of the crimes committed today. I just wanted to clear up any of the misconceptions or preconceived notions you may or may not of had about concealed weapons laws. So next time a bill is proposed in the state make sure you know all of the facts before it gets vetoed. Thank- you

The Ethical dilemma

The ethical dilemma presented In the case study examines If you would allow an Innocent person to be charged with offense he did not commit. You have been asked to keep quiet by a friend, someone you have known for years. Although you are positive that your friends did not commit the act, you are sure there is an innocent person wrongfully accused. I believe that it is my duty to be honest and tell the truth about the situation. According to Morehouse (2013) ethics is concerned with the kind of values and morals an individual or a society finds desirable or appropriate.My motives for my decision are strictly based on my personal values and morals and not the relationship. Justification and reasoning Each relationship that we have whether personal or professional creates a human action. Whether these actions are directly or indirectly, they form some sort of obligation. The case study presented identified that I am friends of someone within my command who has asked me to withhold info rmation while the relationship with the accused is displeasing.Whether it is a moral obligation or the duties and right to aspect the rights of people, the obligation in the relationship are affected by our conduct. If I decided to keep the information to myself, I may be seen as loyal. However, my obligation would be respect the innocent when making a moral judgment. The values that I possess have a bearing to the relationships. These values are a moral obligation for the truth. The relationship has no relevance for my moral action. Ethical frameworks Addressing ethical issues from an awareness of the theoretical framework may increase a leader's moral development (Savannah et al. 1981; Goldberg, 1969). In order to comprehend the reason behind ethical motives, you must understand the ethical framework that guides these behaviors. The two ethical theories that deal with the behaviors are Teleological, which represent consequences and Deontological with represents duty. Teleological deals with a person's conduct producing desirable consequences. Deontological focuses on the actions of the leader and his obligations to do the right thing. Teleological or deontological frameworks do not take Into account the rights of individuals.

Explorers, Or Boys Messing About? Essay

In this article the writer, Steven Morris is very critical of the explorers behaviour. How does he make his opinions clear? In the article published by the Guardian and written by Steven Morris, we get an immediate critical vibe towards the explorers and the situation they were in. Morris has rather sarcastically spoken about the events in a clever way, in which he manages to slate the explorers subtly without being too blunt. We see in just the first paragraph the two explorers are seen as childish in the writer’s choice of view, by using the word ‘farce’. The use of this word creates the idea of ridiculous and so foolishly amusing behaviour, which seems uncaring in an article based on something rather serious. This has given us an automatic feel that Steven wants to portray them as immature and a joke. Throughout the article there are many other times the men are shown as juvenile by the writer. By choosing to use the quote from one of the explorer’s wives saying they were just ‘boys messing about with a helicopter’, they are once again shown as callow. As well as it referring to fully grown men as boys, ‘messing around’ with a thing as serious as a helicopter in extreme conditions, it also makes Morris look as though there are many people on his side. The fact that he has a second opinion that what they did was stupid makes himself look far more relia ble. Steven Morris also expresses his negative opinion of the explorers through the engaging way of irony and sarcasm. He uses phrases such as ‘their trusty helicopter’, putting invert commas around the word trusty himself. This makes the reader think that their helicopter was in fact the very opposite. Furthermore, he highlights their ironic failure in the fact that in one of their failed expeditions they wanted to demonstrate ‘how good the relations between the east and west had become.’ He puts this in to show another mission they had failed to complete when they were not allowed to cross the Russian borders. He too used a pun, by calling Mr Smith ‘Q’, a character from James Bond. This once again gives the idea that they were silly explorers living a fantasy world, like children pretending to be characters, in a humorous way again. In addition, Steven has also very cleverly used the use of experts in order to make his opinion clear and article more reliable. A successful explorer quote is included saying that surviving the accident was ‘nothing short of a miracle’. This shows just how drastic the situation was, from a reliable source. That statement in itself works well to juxtapose his opinion that even though the situation was so serious he was still amused and able to make the jokes. Further on in the article he uses a helicopter expert’s quote saying, ‘I wouldn’t use a helicopter like that’. This highlights their stupidity in his opinion, once again backed up by someone who knows exactly what they’re talking about. The last two paragraphs of the article are extremely important in him making his opinion clear as well as making people want to agree with him. By including what was said by The Ministry of Defence, ‘the taxpayer would pick up the bill’, the reader is automatically involved in the article on a personal level. By using this in the article he is getting everyday people to be on his side, and trying to make them see that they too are facing consequences from ‘ boys messing about’. This supports his opinion well in making it look as though he cares for the everyday people(taxpayers) and they are part of the reason he is against what the explorers did. The closing sentence saying ‘they’ll probably have their bottoms kicked and be sent home the long way’, is a good way to close his article, leaving it in the readers mind that these people were immature, shown by the fact that they have been implied to have a childish punishment, once again to show how the writer is highlighting them in an immature and foolish way, as it becomes evident he thinks that they are.

Capital Punnishment essays

Capital Punnishment essays Capital Punishment for the Mentally Retarded In my opinion, people who have mental retardation should not be executed for the crimes that they are accused of. There are many reasons for my answer. By definition capital punishment is an execution of a criminal who is convicted of a crime, otherwise known as punishment by death. It can be carried out in various different ways: lethal injection, electrocution and gas chamber, only to name a few. By definition mental retardation is a lifelong condition of impaired or incomplete mental development. A person is considered to be mentally retarded if he or she has the following three specific characteristics. The first characteristic is a significantly sub average intellectual functioning, or an intellectual functioning level (IQ) below 75 . The average IQ in the United States is considered to be a 100; therefore an IQ of 75 and below is significantly below the average American IQ. For a grown adult to have an IQ of 75 or below is equivalent to that of a child in the third grade. The second characteristic that defines a person who is mentally retarded is a concurrent and related limitation in two or more adaptive skill areas. This means that a person with mental retardation cannot communicate to the level of an average person; they do not have adept social skills; they have no self-direction; and they cannot work for a living. Basically they cannot live on their own because they are not only mentally, but physically as well, unable to care for themselves. They cannot reach the levels of maturity that they should be able to when they reach a certain age. The third, and last, characteristic that helps to determine a person with mental retardation is manifestation before age eighteen, or for the condition to be present by the age of eighteen. There are many factors that can contribute to a person having mental retardation. A few causes relate to genetics or are ...

How to Conjugate Italian Verbs Like a Native

How to Conjugate Italian Verbs Like a Native Learning vocabulary for nouns like â€Å"toothbrush† and â€Å"tomato† are important, but without verbs, they’re not as useful. Verbs are essential to communicating in any foreign language, and while Italian verbs have a consistent, logical pattern of conjugation, there are still many verbs that are irregular. Plus, even if you memorize all of the verb conjugations, being able to use them quickly in conversation is another story. I say this to emphasize the importance of getting a lot of practice with verbs both with written exercises and with plenty of speaking.    To get you started, or perhaps to fill in some gaps, below you can read about the three Italian verb categories along with suggestions for your studies so you can learn how to conjugate verbs like a native. Step 1) Learn the present tense conjugations of the verbs avere (to have) and essere (to be). They are the key to learning all of the other Italian verb conjugations. Step 2) Understand that Italian verbs fall into three categories of conjugations depending on the endings of the infinitive: -are verbs Comprare - To buyImparare - To learnMangiare - To eatParlare - To talk -ere verbs Credere - To believeLeggere - To readPrendere - To takeScendere - To get off, to descend -ire verbs Salire - To go upUscire - To go out The stem of regular verbs is obtained by dropping the infinitive ending. In English, the infinitive (linfinito) consists of to verb. Step 3) Recognize that Italian verbs are conjugated in the various persons, numbers, and tenses by adding the proper ending to the stem. To start, let’s use the regular verb â€Å"credere - to believe† as an example. io - credo noi - crediamo tu - credi voi - credete lui / lei / Lei - crede loro, Loro - credono Notice how the ending changes based on the subject. â€Å"I believe† is â€Å"credo† and â€Å"they believe† is â€Å"credono.† Let’s use the irregular verb â€Å"andare - to go† as another example. io - vado noi - andiamo tu - vai voi - andate lui / lei / Lei - va loro, Loro - vanno Since the endings are different for each subject, more often than not you can drop the pronoun. So, for example, instead of saying â€Å"Io credo - I believe,† you can just say â€Å"Credo - I believe† with the â€Å"io† as a subject pronoun. Step 4) Memorize the present tense conjugations of common, irregular verbs. These are â€Å"dovere - must,† â€Å"fare - to do, to make,† â€Å"potere - can, to be able to,† and â€Å"volere - to want.† Step 5) Learn how to use common verbs in the following tenses: Il presenteIl passato prossimoL’imperfetto How do you know which verbs are common? While you could use the lists of the most common verbs online, I think it’s more useful to think about the verbs you commonly use and learn how to be flexible with those. One exercise for figuring out which verbs those are is by writing short compositions about your life, like how to introduce yourself, talking about your family, and discussing your hobbies. You’ll start to notice which verbs are used most often and then you can focus on those to memorize. Tips: Note that in the third person plural the stress falls on the same syllable as in the third person singular form.In a pinch, you can always consult a table of verb endings to determine the correct tense.

Understanding organisation theory and practice Assignment

Understanding organisation theory and practice - Assignment Example In this regard, successful managers are those that can effortlessly maximize their profitability and broaden the customer bases which are all dependent on daily operations. The report details Holden, organisation’s performance in comparison to a Ford. The report specifically focuses on how the organisation may improve in the future in light of the recommendations of the operations. The recommendations are solely base on the current or present practices of Holden and Ford using two organisational theories. The two theories employed by the report are Critical management studies (CMS) and Structural Contingency Theory (SCT) both which provides the best insight into the manner in which the two organisations should operate. Critical management studies (CMS) is a largely theoretically and left-wing informed technique to organisation and management studies. The theory becomes relevant in addressing the concerns of the companies and comparing their operations of Holden and Ford. The theory specifically challenges the prevailing traditional understanding of organizational operation and management. CMS offers a platform for discussing radical alternatives whereas interrogating the set relations of control, power, ideology and domination, as well as the relations between organisations. More specifically, this theory aims to lower environmental destructiveness and social injustice within the firms. As a canopy research orientation, CMS holds various theoretical conventions, signifying a pluralistic multidisciplinary movement. The theories thus offer a critical basis for recommendation for the firm. On the other hand, Structural contingency theory (SCT) points to a fact that the firm’s structure should be adaptable to every business and that every manager should ensure they are operating their business within the efficient structure that can support their business. These are the factors that are singled out to

Explain with recent examples from recent years in the UK, the main Essay

Explain with recent examples from recent years in the UK, the main reasons why a government taxes it's citizens - Essay Example It is also tasked with creating job opportunities for both the learned and the informal sector. In order to achieve these, the government levies taxes on its citizens to help perform its duties effectively and efficiently. The essay shall explore the various reasons as to why governments levy taxes and give examples. Taxes are compulsory and anyone caught for not complying is charged with tax evasion. There are several reasons as to why governments levy taxes. They include catering for the government expenditure. The mandate of the Government is to take care of all its citizens. This is because they have to create facilities, pay workers wages and also provide necessities for each citizen. It incurs many expenses in carrying out its daily activities since there are many projects the government undertakes such as international trade. For example, when the United Kingdom hosted the Olympic Games a few years ago, the government spent millions of pounds in building new stadiums and refurbishing the older ones. They also spent money on new facilities and infrastructure. Another reason for taxation is to bolster the economy to prevent it from market failure and shield its citizens from externalities. The recent Global financial crisis hit most countries all over the world. The United Kingdom and the other countries within the European Union were also affected. Many people lost their jobs, homes, businesses and their sources of livelihood. The financial crisis was a revelation, in that it made the government realize that the economy was vulnerable and took measures to ensure that it does not happen again. Externalities are the third party effects that arise from the production and consumption of goods and services whose consumption offers no form of compensation. They affect people indirectly since they occur outside the economy. Externalities affect individuals who are not directly

How has law enforcement operation evolved since the 1800 Research Paper

How has law enforcement operation evolved since the 1800 - Research Paper Example However, with changing trends, the law enforcement system has substantially evolved over the decades and perceptions have changed from penalizing a criminal to providing them with improvement and correction routes (Germann et al., 1970). This dissertation provides a comprehensive discussion on evolution of law enforcement and criminal justice systems from the 1800s to present. Brief history Law enforcement and crime has always been part and parcel of our society in one form or the other, even back in times of cave dwellers. Tribal people also had a raw form of justice system whereby law-breakers and their closed ones were punished in any manner deemed appropriate. Soon, a need was felt for a formal law and order system with special agencies in place to control crime through authorized punishments. Eventually a system was formed whereby laws were established by ruling authorities while enforced by designated officials. First time, during the Middle Ages, standard form of punishment wa s introduced in form of exile from a territory or tribe, later followed by payment systems for compensating aggrieved party or his family against waiver of punishment. Subsequently in beginning of 18th century, William Penn introduced the corrections facility system in order to eradicate and replace harsh means of punishment. As a direct result of this, crime rates decreased and there was an overall improvement in criminals’ mindsets. Nevertheless, the system was unfair towards minors and was based on the Puritan view whereby offenses committed by children were severely prosecuted with the beliefs that they are sinful and wicked. This was combated by establishment of a juvenile justice system in 1820s which aimed at protecting minors from prosecution under criminal law. Illinois introduced the 1st juvenile court to regulate cases involving offenses made by children and to protect interests of neglected, dependent or orphaned minors. Evolution process A political era ran from 1840 till 1930 and was characterized mainly by decentralization of law enforcement. Officers were designated to various sects and they develop close relationships with people belonging to those territories. They controlled crime through foot patrolling and had political support from various bureaucratic leaders. As a result, they were significantly absorbed by corruption and bribery and exhibited discrimination against minority classes. However, subsequently regulatory bodies introduced Pendleton Act to suppress bureaucracy and power of such people. Additionally, they made efforts to empower and give equal rights to classes treated inferiorly. Consequently, first woman police officer, namely Maria Owen, was appointed in 1883, marking a turning point in law enforcement history. The era soon faded away and was replaced by the professional era which lasted till 1980. This era saw stronger controls, decreased crime rates and centralization and better managed operations. Officers were tr ained to keep a professional stance within societies, keeping distance from people to avoid emotional attachment. They were well-educated and were given better facilities such as vehicles for patrolling. Consequently, various federal agencies were established by Congress, intended to help conventional police forces in complex cases. The term ‘national security’, commonly used today, was coined under this era by President Truman. He instructed that a body and law

The History Of Correctional Systems

The History Of Correctional Systems The correctional system is an umbrella term referring to a range of mandates directly executed or administered by jurisdictional justice institutions, which entails the castigation, management, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. These mandates are often accomplished through incarceration, parole and probation, while prison presents the most popular correctional agency globally. The system is alternatively recognized as a penal system because it concerns a network of institutions that are the overseers of nations prisons, alongside community-based initiatives, such as parole as well as probation boards. The system is notably a subdivision of the state criminal justice department, which operates in coordination with the police, prosecutor alongside the judges. Countries throughout, but mainly in the Western world exhibit entities, correspondingly, of corrections and related services, or identically named departments. The paper aspires to present an exceptional resea rch on the correctional system between Western and Asian countries, by providing a general overview, history, role of the department among other aspects. Before presenting ideal country models from the two continents; distinctively the US and Japanese correctional systems, followed by a discussion, and a summary of the entire paper. Overview According to Haasenritter (2003) corrections also involve an academic discipline encompassing hypotheses, codes, and programs relating to its purpose. Its intellectual goals involve human resources training, administration, and the experiences of offenders, who are the uncooperative subjects of correctional practice. Conventionally, the process was reportedly recognized as penology, meaning the study of chastisement for crime. The terminology shift to corrections took place around the 1950s and 1960s, reportedly spurred by a prevailing ideology focusing on rehabilitation. This was coupled with concrete restructuring of practices in numerous correctional facilities or prisons. Such awarding increased privileges to prisoners, given an attempt to instill a communally inclined atmosphere, and progressively, many detention facilities became correctional agencies, while their administrators resumed the title correctional officers. A correctional facility is where arrested offenders are nor mally detained and denied a number of individual rights, or incarcerated in relation to the formal castigation, as ordered by the state to be executed by the justice agency. The various conceptual but of analogous connotations with correctional facility involves penitentiary, remand and detention centre, along with jail, though in some jurisdictions some of the titles may pose distinct connotations. Suspected offenders who face criminal charges might be contained in detention facilities incase of bail denial, inability or reluctance to settle bail. A criminal advocate might also be detained while pending verdict, and if confirmed guilty, can face a custodial sentence obligating incarceration. Correctional facilities can occasionally be utilized as internment even to those who have not committed any offense, or as a political oppression tool to hold political convicts of principles, alongside enemies of the state, which is a common trend with totalitarian regimes as reported by Haasenritter (2003). A correctional facility notably involves institutional establishment and management of prisons. Verdicts imposed upon criminals normally include probation, bail and incarceration among others such as transitional sanctions, which involves house arrest or communal service initiatives, and electronic supervision. Nonetheless, the application of sanctions that can either require compensation or castigation presents the foundation of all criminal phenomenons, besides the prime objectives of civic restraints, and suppression of offensive behavior. Most detention centers operating in the Western countries when compared to their Asian counterparts often adhere to distinctive correctional codes as suggested by Hill (2009). Even though usually profoundly tailored, these codes define the nature of the corrections facility plan as well as security operations. The two basic hypothesis applied contemporarily involves the conventionally inclined Remote Supervision alongside the modernly inclined direct administration models. With the conventional model, officers monitor the convicts from rem ote alienated positions such as towers or safe desk quarters, as the modern approach positions the agents within the correctional cells, thus ensuring a more direct presence. History of the correctional system History of the correctional system is normally divided into distinctive periods. The ancient correctional history is often recognized as the period between 2000 BC and 1800 AD. This period witnessed numerous correctional events ranging from primeval Babylonian and Sumerian theories, to the emergence of the penitentiary model in America. But between these two practices, other diverse codes and practices were witnessed, with extreme oppression of offenders dominating the conventional correction endeavors. Primarily, a change from lex salica to lex talionis practice was one of the key developments in the early correctional system. Lex salica refers to a form of vigilante rule or mob justice where the offended individual or group instigates vengeance, given the belief that crime perpetuators deserves to surfer for their crimes. This stance presents the first documented model of justice, and was later replaced with lex talionis. The lex talionis models concerns the changeover time when ad ministrations adopted the vengeance business, under the notion that the jurisdiction owns offense as opposed to the victims or their relatives as noted by Unnithan (2000). Primarily, the lex talionis was exceptionally restricted to slaves as well as the less fortunate, but was progressively recognized as the main justice form. Secondly, historical records also indicate a change from physical castigation to emotional reprimand across the ancient chronological era, with primeval discoveries revealing barbaric torture equipments that were reportedly applied to castigate inmates. However, the change from the empire system to state administration signaled more reliance on flogging or whipping for both Western and Asian nations. Moreover, the inclination to psychological castigation was grounded from religious codes, but mainly the belief in natural law, a common practice in the Ancient Western nations. According to OConnor (2005), natural law regards a multifaceted theory, known as the ecclesiastical law that entailed the ceremonies together with rituals which, for instance, was used by the Church to translate Canon law. This implies that in the era, judicial practitioners had to pursue doctorates and be approved to serve as law experts, and such religious involvement in correctional procedures mainly assisted to reducing arbitrary and capricious state or jurisdictional practices. Nevertheless, the Age of Enlightenment that materialized over the Eighteenth Century ensured an even better acknowledgment of human dignity, and contributed to a drop in inmate torturing, as well as a shift and popularity of correctional emotional suffering. The period also witnessed the abandonment of underground to aboveground correctional facilities. The most popularly known underground detention base was the Mamertime of Rome, which boosted an extensive structure of dungeons lying below the citys sewage facility, linked to the surface through a large entranceway as suggested by Rhodes (2007). Historical documentation on the facility also covered crucifix signs that later became the symbol of the church. However, corporal punishment, such as body parts amputations and floggings was conventionally a popular Asian states practice as compared to the Western nations, though both regions reported prisoner torture, rapes, beatings, as well as execution. Death sentence in ancient days was considerably horrific, with the common approaches entailing fire lynching, stoning, beheading, disjointing of body parts through barbaric means, impaling, disemboweling, whipping and hanging. However, incarceration as the ideal castigation practice only emerged after the domination of transportation along with penal slavery or servitude penalty practices. Transportation involved deportation to a far away land, while penal servitude concerned temporary leasing into slavery, given a specific period of time (Liang Wilson, 2008). The practice became quite trendy with Spanish-administered territories, thus regarding Spain as the modern founders of the surface prisons known as the Spanish presidios with an 810 partitions, which gave birth to the contemporary correctional cells. Though, a modern description of a correctional facility requires solid doors, locks, walls, bars, as well as cells. Furthermore, a prison must have prison officers, guards, and taskmasters as well as cadre of attendants, to resourcefully implement a 24 hour control. Whereas the 1555 built London Bridewell became the correctional center in England, but Rome hosted the leading correctional designs that in volved vast, multi-functional facilities with distinctive individual cells. Comparing the correctional systems Numerous distinctions exist between the Western and Asian prisons with comparison reports showing diversities between correctional facilities and practices. For many decades, inmates were been detained in dungeons, sewer detention hulks, concentration centers and in gulags, boot camps, unoccupied islands, as well as in penitentiaries as noted by Feldbaum et al (2011). Though forced incarceration represents the most popular aspect of corrections, various nations have indicated promising breakthroughs to establishing options to convict internship. As per the fifth UN Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (SCTOCJS), the key components of the contemporary formal castigation involve life custody, physical torture, temporary sentencing, probation, bails, and communal programs. In most jurisdictions, serious felonies are avenged with correctional internship irrespective of legal practice or developmental level. However, prison incarceration tendency differ widely between the Western and Asian nations with the US, and Russia leading in confinement population, while India and Japan exhibit the lowest rates as noted by Geraci (2003). The inmate population has expanded in most Western countries with leading once ranging from Italy, Holland, France, England, Portugal and Germany, though other Asian countries have also reported overcrowding in correctional facilities. In distinction with the US, which leads in punitive felony laws among the Western nations, Japan exhibits negligible correctional internship rates among the Asian nations (Smyer Burbank, 2009). Over the last four decades, Japan has not witnessed prison congestion. With minimal misdemeanor level, few criminals are convicted, showing minimal dependency on the system as compared to other developed nations, thus inclining more towards monetary reimbursement and communal sentences (Haasenritter, 2003). Correctional verdicts are short term, not exceeding 20 months. Numerous aspects restrict detention in Japan, involving civic prosecutors and judges. Besides the fact that about 90 percent of suspects plead guilty accords the adjudicators better ruling discretion, with a 1996 correctional report noting that about 80 percent of the citizens and convicts as well trusted the system. Human rights, regarding corrections, first emerged in the public domain around the 1970s towards the end of Chinese Cultural civil upheavals (Liang Wilson, 2008). The US and Western Europe takes direct credit for prompting global human rights movements. Until currently, Asian states such as China as well as Indonesia were quite underdeveloped as compared to the West, for extensive focus to be awarded to human rights besides potential infringements of such rights. With negligible Indonesians and Chinese seeking asylum in the West, they never attracted attention and hence nominal focus was given to the two distance nation, and archipelago respectively. Until the 1970s when the West only became infatuated with their cultures as opposed to correctional human rights issues. Over the 1980s, Turkey appeared in the spotlight for detaining extensive population of political convicts, and reportedly made efforts to free political detainees by the end of the decade. Whereas in 1962, Myanmar, Ge neral Ne Win assumed the leadership of the former Burma. Regardless of winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, Aung San Suu Kyi the states leading activists has persisted to reside under house confinement, with extended oppression of opposition leaders in the country (Wu Zongxian, 2003). With espousal of numerous substantial accords to revere human rights, various Asian nations have exercised extensive political confinement, including China, Indonesia, India, Afghanistan, Burma, Iraq, Iran, and Israel, though other Western countries such as Soviet Union, Poland, Turkey, Greece, and Yugoslavia are also contemporarily guilty of violating human rights. As political offenders persists to prosper in the human rights age, usually as a result of economic, martial, and political associations between nations. Moreover currently, in advanced Western nations, there is insignificant industrious work for inmates, with the key basis being the disagreement of syndicate workforce and syndicate business to rivaling with penitentiary labor. As noted by Liang Wilson (2008), the international judicial system is faced with the problem of legislating global correctional codes. Most nations have experienced correctional congestion challenges, thus forcing them to espouse initiatives to enhance capacity by establishing modern confinement centers or acquiring other firms for correctional purpose since building new facilities is an expensive endeavor. The US has witnessed what is commonly known as an incarceration binge. Starting from the 1980s to date, its federal courts recorded 10 times higher rate of sentencing as contrasted to Holland, with even a more descending ratio among other Western nations such the UK and France. The US correctional system According to Smyer Burbank (2009), in the US, correctional system entails independent levels of confinement; collectively the county, or metropolitan administrated agencies that detain both locally suspected offenders as well as sentenced misdemeanants under a maximum of 12 months are known as jails, whereas prisons are state or federal correctional agencies hosting sentenced delinquents serving a minimum period of 12 months. At the national level or the Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBP) various departments involving Prison Camps, Correctional Institutions, along with the Penitentiary correctional intuitions are administered. With precise structuring of the system varying from county, state, and federal levels, the most common levels involve; supermax, administrative security, maximum, high, medium, close, security, low, minimum, and pre-release branches (Rhodes, 2007). Juvenile correctional centers are recognized as minor demeanor facilities and are specifically designed to hold pre- trial or convicted minors. While most Western and Asian countries have their distinctive justice approaches that can be used to make juveniles take accountability of their aggressive conducts. For instance, Canada may attempt to charge a minor as a grownup, and afterwards have him or her detained in a juvenile center until they surpass the age of eighteen, before being moved to an adult confinement setting. The US correctional system further administers a unit within the military department that is specially meant for detaining war convicts, and illegitimate combatants, who are individuals considered to be of federal security threat (Haasenritter, 2008). Such prisons might occasionally be converted into the mainstream facilities such as the Alcatraz Island facility, which was a civil war detention base but was later changed to an ordinary prison. While its psychiatric facilities or the Federal Medical Centers (FMC) also exhibits a similar correctional structure, especially when detaining violent or aggressive patients. Additionally, most detention facilities have psychiatric quarters meant for confining delinquents diagnosed with a broad range of psychological impairments. The 2006, global estimation of inmates was at 9.25 million, however, the 2007 US reports on inmate population rated it as the leading with over 2 million convicts, taking an annual $37 billion of the federal funds to administer. This year, Americas inmate population was approximated to be above 2.3 million inmates, at an annual maintenance expense of $74 billion. Observers and experts have also agreed that the US correctional facilities are contemporarily over congested with individuals being convicted at an alarming rate, with failure to construct new facilities at a matching level. Japanese correctional systems According to Hill (2009), the Japanese Constitution particularly grants protection from torture as well as oppression, inhuman, or humiliating correctional practices, while its Penal Code bars infringements as well as brutality toward inmates under illegitimate examination. However, reports by numerous bar unions, human rights groups, alongside other inmates suggests that police and correctional wardens have occasionally applied corporal violence, such as beating, flogging, as well as emotional coercion, to acquire affirmations from defendants in confinement or to uphold discipline. Hence the civic confidence has witnessed a drop in trust, as accusations persisted to indicate that the law enforcers and public security unions have been hesitant or lax in following up claims of police delinquency. The Japanese Constitution as well as the Criminal Code entails guarantees to ascertain that no delinquency suspect is subjected to a self-incriminating acknowledgment, nor charged or penalize d in verdicts where the sole proof against the defendant is his individual affirmation. The appellate panels have hence revoked some verdict currently on the basis of forced confessions. Confession is perceived as the initial step in the rehabilitative course, with the government pointing at the 90 percent of self confessions cases as the basis of positive standard of proof required to make judgment under its judicial system. Corporal restraints, involving leather handcuffs, persists to be applied as a form of sentence. Around the sixteenth century, as a result of economical demands and challenges associated with extensive confinement, besides prevailing codes of vengeance that recommended for capital verdicts or asylum for severe offenders, life sentence was infrequent. By the Meiji era which ended in 1912, the state espoused Western-model penology among other ideal correctional practices as well as legal organization. In 1990 Japans correctional system admitted about 47,000 inmates, with an estimate of 46 percent being repeat convicts, which was later attributed to the prosecutor, courts, and police exceptional influence. Previously, the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations (FBA) among other human rights organization have faulted the correctional practices, with stress on stern restraint and compliance to excess rules. While female and minors are confined in distinctive facilities away from male adul ts, with pre-trial inmates also confined independently from convicted inmates, though, its immigration confinement facilities are up to recommended global standards as suggested by Geraci (2003). Discussion Confinement has often been recognized as the foundation in a castigation structure that prioritizes retribution, prevention, rehabilitation and communal re-entry. Starting from the 18th century, Western countries have applied identical responses to delinquency challenges, with most of the ideals derived from a collective dedication democratic Enlightenment practices. Present reports also suggests that despite disparities in language, policies, culture, as well as customs, a substantial scope of comparison persist in the sentencing roles, processes, and the correctional choices that are currently prevalent between Western and Asian countries. However, the prevailing diversities in the sector between the two regions have been mainly influenced by religious beliefs, population, economical potency, and the magnitude of development. For instance, ancient Japan opted to exercise death penalty in order to restrain correctional maintenance expenses. One substitute of correctional approach th at has currently gained significant popularity across the globe is the restorative justice, which involves giving the casualty as well as the society whole again by re-establishing things as they were previously before the perpetuation of the offense as reported by Haasenritter (2008). In contrast, conventional noncustodial options have often involved bails, conditional or inconsistent confinement, probation, alongside work release. The main basic reprimands that are normally relied on to bar first-time offenders from confinement include probation among other models of communal supervision. Although, when aggression advances, civilians will fault the approach as being tolerant, thus community-tailored initiatives are perceived as remedial, as opposed to being punitive. According to Wu Zongxian (2003), the disproportion of current notions among regional policymakers regarding the bases of misdemeanor contributes to the clarification of the inconsistency in correctional trend and hypothesis between the Western and Asian nations. For instance in the US, and UK, lawmakers have proposed that transgression is the consequence of individual resolutions made by the relevant offenders. By overlooking most components of other theories, the policymakers have ushered in the use of incapacitation, along with more restraining sentences to stifle unlawful activities. Suppressing transnational crime is the greatest challenge to modern law enforcement. Developed nations need to help their undeveloped counterparts with expertise and training, in order to curb international crime which is mainly popular in the form of drug and ammunition dealings, human smuggling, terrorism, monetary laundering, and cybercrime. Even though criminals have no recognition for laws, the criminal justice departments aspires to adhere to a set of laws stipulated to defend the due process liberties of the civilians as noted by Boghossian et al (2012). Conclusion Today, all jurisdictions require a correctional system, to particularly help with upholding the integrity of the constitution as well as to enhance its potency to defend the society. The presence of the system is also critical to upholding the notion that there exist stations where individuals can be isolated if found guilty of breaching the revered norms. The rationale suggests that corrections serve to defend the community, assist in distinguishing the confines of conduct, besides enlightening every civilian on what is legal and illegal within a state. Most prevailing correctional systems assert the twin objectives of social security and equal sentence. Public defense is ascertained by designing a well-administered set of rules, facilities, and principles that are corresponding to and conversant with the judicial personnels as well as the collective social requirements. Finally, fair vengeance is often achieved by deploying various corrective and punitive practices to condemned cri minals that is presented in the form of humane protection, detention, and supervision.

Slavery - A Cruel Institution :: Slavery Essays

Slavery as a Cruel Institution Cruelty can be defined as an inhumane action done to an individual or group of people that causes either physical or mental harm. Slavery, at its very core, was a cruel and inhumane institution. From the idea behind it to the way that it was enforced, it degraded the lives of human beings and forbade the basic liberties that every man deserves under the Constitution of the United States. Three major areas where cruelty was especially prevalent were in the slaves working conditions, living conditions, and loss of fundamental freedoms. Working conditions for slaves were about as bad as can possibly be imagined. Slaves worked from dawn till dusk and sometimes even longer. Solomon Northrup describes his experience as a slave on his Louisiana plantation: The hands are required to be in the cotton field as soon as it is light in the morning and with the exception of ten or fifteen minutes, which is given them at noon to swallow their allowance of cold bacon, they are not permitted a moment idle until it is too dark to see, and when the moon is full, they often times labor till the middle of the night (Northrup 15). The slaves lived in constant fear of punishment while at work, and it was that fear that drove them to obey. Northrup continues to say that, "No matter how fatigued and weary he may be†¦a slave never approaches the gin-house with his basket of cotton but with fear. If it falls short in weight—if he has not performed the full task appointed him, he knows he must suffer" (10). He goes on to explain that after weighing, "follow the whippings" (10). This was not the end of the workday for a common slave though. Each slave had his or her own respective chores to do. "One feeds the mules, another the swine—another cuts the wood, and so forth (Northrop 11). Then there were jobs to do in the slaves’ quarters, jobs that were necessary for their basic needs and survival: Finally, at a late hour, they reach the quarters, sleepy and overcome with the long day’s toil. Then a fire must be kindled in the cabin, the corn ground in the small hand-mill, and supper, and dinner for the next day in the field prepared (Northrup 12). The slaves got very little sleep because, "an hour before day light the horn is blown," and it was "an offense invariably followed by flogging, to be found at the quarters after daybreak" (Northrup 14).

Netflix Case Study

Running Head: NETFLIX ON THE MOVE CHANGES IN THE MOVIE RENTAL BUSINESS Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Changes Within The Movie Rental Business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 NetFlix History and Strategies†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Analyzing NetFlix Results†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Review and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Conclus ion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 Introduction Impressive is the company that is able to make it to the top of their industry in quick fashion and remain there atop of all the rest of the industries.Taking away market share from other established companies is a feat that does not occur by accident. NetFlix is a company that was born in 1997 and by 2007 had revenues exceeding $1 billion. Not all competitors were prepared to handle the new strategies being employed by NetFlix and some fell quickly. Strategies and changes within the movie rental business that allowed NetFlix to accomplish such a qu ick business success story and others to fall just as quickly will be explored to give a clear picture of some of the external factors that were relevant in the NetFlix movement.By reviewing and analyzing some of the business decisions by NetFlix over the past 10 years, it will provide a better understanding of the effects of these decisions. Although NetFlix has obtained some great results over these years, there are also lessons to be learned and recommendations that can be given so that some of the less beneficial business decisions will not be repeated. This exploration of the NetFlix business strategy and the results from executing their strategies will help gain insight on how important it is to stay involved with the customer and satisfy the needs of the market.Changes Within the Movie Rental Business The video rental industry has reinvented itself often and in impressive fashion. Providing entertainment in the most convenient and cost-effective fashion has become the motivat or for multiple changes within the industry. The video industry began to take off in the 1980’s with larger chains like Blockbuster and Movie Gallery rising over the previous smaller shops. These new avenues are providing videos granted a better selection and often better pricing for the common video consumer.The popularity of these chains became more popular around the world and the businesses kept adding buildings and locations and became very popular for their wide selections, reasonable prices, and membership perks. Before long, these businesses added the increasingly growing gaming rentals as well making it convenient to now rent games for a much lower cost than purchasing the games. Convenience was impacted once again as NetFlix came on the scene in the late 1990’s. No other businesses had made efforts to use the unorthodox method of mailing DVDs to their customers.Rather than jumping in the car and heading to the nearest video store, NetFlix capitalized on bring ing the videos to the customer using their mailbox. Not only was it convenient, NetFlix allowed customers to hang on to the DVD without incurring late fees until the customer was ready to return and pick a new movie to be shipped out. Rather than a charge for each movie as the traditional method was for all other players, NetFlix charged in a monthly fee structure that allowed movie watchers to continue to watch videos as quickly as they could watch and send back with a request for a new movie.Although NetFlix was at first looked at as a non-threat with their entrance into the market, it was not long before others began make efforts to copy the methods that NetFlix had brought to life. â€Å"Further fueled by convenience, hassle-free Redbox kiosks offering $1 new releases at your local grocery store or gas station came on to the scene in 2004 and had grown to more than 25,000 kiosks by the year 2011† (Sunderland, 2011). Redbox began as an adventure with McDonald’s in o rder to add more convenience for the McDonald’s customers.In 2004, the concept of Redbox really started gaining steam. â€Å"With the majority of locations at McDonald’s restaurants, early headlines read, â€Å"Would you like a DVD with your fries? † and â€Å"Order Your Big Mac and DVD to Go† (The History of Redbox). And what are the newest trends in making video rental even more convenient? Video streaming has taken movie watching to a new level as there are multiple companies competing in this method of delivering a wide selection of movies and TV episodes over the internet.However, NetFlix has had a start on its competition by emerging as the world’s largest subscription service for movie watchers with over 15 million subscribers in 2010 (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013). NetFlix has enjoyed being at the top of the industry until recently. Over the past 10 years, NetFlix stock has increased 1700% (Wofford, 2013). The difference today is that o ther businesses have caught on to the successful NetFlix strategies and methods. Competition has risen significantly in the internet streaming method of delivering movies conveniently to home watchers.Amazon Prime is one of NetFlix’s recent competitors in both the DVD rental and the streaming internet video. Amazon Prime is another company that has significant and impressive growth in the past 10 years as stocks have soared over 1,100% (Wofford, 2013). Although Amazon Prime had not reached the heights of growth as NetFlix has accomplished, the ride for Amazon Prime has been at a steadier pace. And there are others that have entered the DVD and internet streaming movie distribution as well. Even Walmart has begun to enter the internet streaming market to share in this growing method of convenient movie watching.DirecTV, Time Warner, DISH Network, AT&T, and Verizon are all companies that have created more competition in the market by utilizing existing or newer technology allow ing for more opportunity of movie and TV entertainment by providing convenient movie selections while sitting at home. NetFlix History and Strategies NetFlix was formed and incorporated in 1997 by two â€Å"new technology† entrepreneurs Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph (Funding Universe). The two entrepreneurs set out to sell and rent the recently created DVD over the internet and deliver to the renter’s mailbox.Few stores in 1997 carried DVDs which was new format that was new technology as compared to the video tape. Although the DVD players were expensive as they entered the market, the two entrepreneurs set their strategy that the DVD would soon replace the video tape and began to figure how to best get it to the movie watcher. Experimentation with different mailers ended with a package that would successfully be sent to and from the renter for the price of a postage stamp. The company began to purchase copies of the nearly 1,000 available titles available on DVD and with 30 employees opened for business on August14, 1998 (Funding Universe).Pricing and discounts were created to invite the consumer to rent more while giving ample time to watch the movies and return. Soon after opening, promotions were given through sweepstakes and additional free DVDs with the purchase of some brand name DVD players. Not only could movie watchers rent but they also could keep and purchase that same DVD if it was to their liking to do so. NetFlix was not born, however, to only send DVDs through the mail. As the name implies, the founders had a vision and strategy to expand further into the access that the internet would provide.With year after year major growth, in 2006 NetFlix ended the year with over 6. 3 million members (NetFlix). In 2007, NetFlix introduced to it’s members the ability to stream and watch movies and TV shows right on their personal computers. Now the challenge for the NetFlix team was to invent a way of getting streaming movies into eve ryone’s homes. And the strategy began new life again creating and experimenting with devices to attain this. After several ideas and some failed concepts, NetFlix strategy changed once again.The widespread adoption of broadband connections to the internet had taken place in consumer’s homes and Microsoft and NetFlix strategies met up. Microsoft had already put out the Xbox and had envisioned it to be more than just a serious gaming system. Microsof t found NetFlix’s ideas of streaming movies over the Xbox device to the screen to be a good fit. Soon, many other devices and TVs were built with a chip and the NetFlix application to stream thousands of movies and TV shows right to the living room. NetFlix continued to grow and be the leaders in this industry while taking away market share rom other â€Å"traditional† methods of renting and watching videos. NetFlix management believed that the subscriber consisted of three types of customers: those who liked c onvenience of home delivery, bargain hunters who liked a good priced movie, and movie buffs who wanted a wide selection of movies (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013). The content was a weak spot for NetFlix, however. Despite having a now large movie rental business, NetFlix did not have the contacts it needed to bring the wide selection of Hollywood movies to the consumer’s screens.Although access to NetFlix may be cutting edge, few would watch if it only had older videos and TV shows (Roth, 2009). NetFlix began to search out ways to combine forces with other businesses that would give them access to more content. Not only was it lacking in content, but also needed to somehow gain access to the movie blockbusters much sooner. In many cases, hit movies would not be available to NetFlix for months and in some cases it would be years before these would be able to be watched by NetFlix subscribers.In 2008, NetFlix found agreement with Starz enabling the addition of 2,500 fresh vide os to NetFlix’s services (Roth, 2009). Underlying NetFlix’s great success from the years 2007 – 2011 was the understanding that they had to deliver additional content and make more available for streaming. Another strategy emerged in September 2011. Hastings announced that the company would charge separately for DVD rental and streaming video and that a new company named Qwikster would be formed to handle the DVD rental portion (Funding Universe).With substantial increases to consumers and issues like separate billings, users began to voice their displeasure with this strategy and many subscribers began to cancel their subscription. New subscriptions began to suffer as well with the new format and the price increase that was introduced. NetFlix reasoned that the change was needed due to the increase costs in licensing and streaming videos (Seeking Alpha, 2013). It was not long before the outcry of the customer and the loss of subscribers made Hastings rethink th is strategy.By the end of 2011, Hastings admitted that strategy was not appropriate and dropped the division of the DVD and streaming making them once again one entity. But by then, damage had been done and the poor strategy had taken its toll on the business while its stock had dropped by 75% (Funding Universe). The current strategy being pursued by NetFlix is one of moving to International expansion. Though many countries may not have the infrastructure in place to be able to stream from the internet, many countries do and this may be a unique opportunity for NetFlix to continue to grow.NetFlix has gained over 6 million subscribers within two years of its launch into International markets (Forbes, 2013). Although NetFlix seems to be leading now in the movie streaming industry just as it did with its strategy to mail deliver DVDs, competition is already on its way in the streaming movie business. Competition will continue to come up with their own unique strategies in their efforts to steal away some of the market share and success that has enabled NetFlix to continue to be successful. Analyzing NetFlix ResultsThe successful results of NetFlix over the years since its beginning can be seen in many statistical views. Focusing on the customer to tell us how NetFlix has performed would show us that from 2002 it grew from 600,000 members to over 6,000,000 members in 2006 (NetFlix). Each year after, NetFlix has gained a substantial quantity of members and in 2010 had over 20,000,000 members (NetFlix). Although there was a loss of subscribers in 2012 due to the Qwikster strategy of about 1 million subscribers, 2013 is estimated that NetFlix has over 33,000,000 subscribers in 40 different countries (Market Watch, 2013).The rebound has definitely made up for the loss of a year ago. This is amazing growth in a short amount of time and NetFlix has done well to keep ahead of its growth with its infrastructure and planning. Many of the new subscribers every year were cus tomers to local video outlets which have now suffered the reduction in business due to NetFlix’s success. The opposite effect of NetFlix’s success can be seen in businesses like Movie Gallery and Blockbuster as they have taken a large hit even to the extent of bankruptcy.Although it may be a short trip down to the video store, consumers have definitely shown by the numbers of subscribers that they enjoy the benefit and value of being able to have the movies come to them. Revenues are another way to show the success of NetFlix over the past 15 years. Like many other startup companies, the early years were not profitable. In 1999, the coming had to swallow $30 million in losses on only $5 million dollars of revenue (Funding Universe). However, by 2005 revenues had exceeded $600 million with net income of $42 million (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013).By 2008, these amounts had doubled (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013) and in 2012 NetFlix reported $3. 6 billion of revenue which was increase from the prior year by about 12% with $226 million net income (Bloomberg Business Week, 2013) . 2011 saw about a large growth of about 48% when compared to 2010 and while there was some growth of competitors in the recent years, many have seen negative growth in revenues partly due to the success of NetFlix. NetFlix has dominated market share in the digital on-line viewing of movies. According to a report by Sandvine Inc. in 2012, Netflix had captured 33% of prime-time web viewing (Edwards, 2012).As well, NetFlix has gained over 61% of all movie watching in the United States and with its aggressive strategy marches on to increase that as well as move aggressively internationally. Although international business continues to grow in subscribers, it is not yet profitable and currently is erasing much of the profits of the US business. It will take some time to get established internationally and provide profits. Stock prices for NetFlix had escalated significantly f rom the 2009 level of about $30 per share to the peak high value of $300 per share in 2011, but began a sharp downward trend in 2011 after the introduction of Qwikster.Basic earnings per share rose from a 2009 level of $2. 05 to that of $4. 28 in 2011 (NetFlix Investor Relations). It has taken some time to rebound from the events that surrounded the Qwikster disappointment, but stocks now seem to be continuing to increase as they appear to be reaching toward the $175 per share level. Review and Recommendations Over the short existence of the NetFlix company, it has done a good job at giving the customer what it has wanted and more. Over 90% of subscribers have indicated that they would recommend the NetFlix service to a friend (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013).NetFlix has been able to stay ahead of the rest of the movie rental industry by staying in touch with their customers and providing the services and movie selections that are important to them. The software that NetFlix has de veloped has made it easy for the customer to choose movies by categories and provides detail for each movie that helps subscribers make their decisions as to what to watch. The NetFlix software is also able to personalize the movie selection experience by capturing what the viewer has chosen before and what likes and dislikes the viewer has recorded after watching their selection.This personalization brings to the subscribers attention other movies that they may want to watch based on their preferences and likes in the past. NetFlix has given the opportunity for first time users to use the NetFlix services for an entire month for free. This allows the customer to feel like they are getting a real bargain as well as gives them ample time to try out the service before paying for it. The pricing structures that NetFlix has instituted gives the subscriber options as to how many DVDs can be rented at a time along with unlimited streaming.The $8. 99 membership is a bargain as unlimited DV Ds and unlimited streaming of movies is included. The largest interruption to the NetFlix business was in 2011 when it decided to split the DVD portion of the business separately from the internet streaming portion. This move was not along the same lines as their customers were wanting. Qwikster was the new company that would handle all of the DVD rentals and NetFlix would continue to provide the streaming video. The two companies would not be separate and charge separately as well for their services.With this change, a large price increase would be incurred as well as subscribers would pay separately for each service. It almost seems as though in this instance that NetFlix was not interested in what their customers wanted. The strategy to break these services into two distinct companies was not born from what would satisfy the customer but was rather an internal strategy to satisfy what the owners of NetFlix thought to be advantageous. Along with the change, the communication to th e subscribers was ineffective and poorly distributed.This poor decision did not sit well with about 1 million lost customers and stock prices fell dramatically during this period. After the fact, NetFlix heard the voices of the customer and decided to abandon this strategy and go back to the original format, but the damage had been done. The recommendation here is to find out what the customer views as important before fully developing and implementing new changes. NetFlix had been following this well until the 2011 Qwikster event.Now they have learned the hard way how important it is to know what the customer views as valuable in their services. Even with the loss of 1 million customers, NetFlix began to rebound and grow with additional subscribers, but how much more could they have accomplished without this major set- back. Conclusion I have enjoyed the services that NetFlix has provided related to DVD rentail and streaming movies and TV shows over the internet right to my living room. NetFlix has worked hard to ensure that their customers have many selections at a reasonable price.The company has grown substantially year after year with more customers, revenues, and profits and has taken and maintains the lead in this industry. Although this success has come quickly, it has not come easy. NetFlix has had to effectively plan, implement, and successfully change its strategies to satisfy its customers and stay in the industry lead. It has done well in implementing these strategies and the results speak for themselves. References The History of Redbox. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. edbox. com/timeline Sunderland, N. (2011). Convenience: The past and future of movie rentals. Retrieved from http://www. tetonvalleynews. net/entertainment/movies/convenience-the-past-and-future-of-movie-rentals/article_d88d5148-5000-11e0-8a97-001cc4c03286. html Gamble, J. E. , Thompson, A. A. , & Peteraf, M. A. (2013). Essentials of strategic management (3rd ed. ). pp. 277-30 3. Location: Mcgraw-Hill Irwin Wofford, T. (2013). How these companies are streaming money. Retrieved from http://beta. fool. om/tlwofford/2013/01/13/online-video-streaming-performing-well/20918/ Funding Universe. (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://www. fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/NetFlix-inc-history/ NetFlix. (n. d. ) Retrieved from https://signup. netflix. com/MediaCenter/Timeline Roth, D. (2009). Netflix everywhere: sorry cable, you’re history. Retrieved from http://www. wired. com/techbiz/it/magazine/17-10/ff_netflix? currentPage=all Seeking Alpha. (2013). Domestically funding international growth: the NetFlix strategy. Retrieved from http://seekingalpha. om/article/1293701-domestically-funding-international-growth-the-netflix-strategy Forbes. (2013). Sizing up NetFlix’s international subscriber growth potential. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/sites/greatspeculations/2013/03/05/sizing-up-netflixs-international-subscriber-growth-potential/ Market Watc h. (2013). NetFlix to announce first-quarter 2013 financial results. Retrieved from http://www. marketwatch. com/story/netflix-to-announce-first-quarter-2013-financial-results-2013-04-02 Bloomberg Business Week. (2013). Retrieved from http://investing. usinessweek. com/research/stocks/earnings/earnings. asp? ticker=NFLX Edwards, C. (2012). Bloomberg. NetFlix dominates streaming rivals in web-video market. Retrieved by http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-11-07/netflix-dominates-streaming-rivals-with-growing-web-video-share. html O’Neil, M. (2011). Social Times. NetFlix owns 61% of US digital movie market share. Retrieved from http://socialtimes. com/netflix-infographic_b73597 NetFlix Investor Relations (n. d. ) 2011 Annual report. Retrieved from http://ir. netflix. com/annuals. cfm Netflix Case Study Running Head: NETFLIX ON THE MOVE CHANGES IN THE MOVIE RENTAL BUSINESS Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Changes Within The Movie Rental Business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 NetFlix History and Strategies†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Analyzing NetFlix Results†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Review and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Conclus ion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 Introduction Impressive is the company that is able to make it to the top of their industry in quick fashion and remain there atop of all the rest of the industries.Taking away market share from other established companies is a feat that does not occur by accident. NetFlix is a company that was born in 1997 and by 2007 had revenues exceeding $1 billion. Not all competitors were prepared to handle the new strategies being employed by NetFlix and some fell quickly. Strategies and changes within the movie rental business that allowed NetFlix to accomplish such a qu ick business success story and others to fall just as quickly will be explored to give a clear picture of some of the external factors that were relevant in the NetFlix movement.By reviewing and analyzing some of the business decisions by NetFlix over the past 10 years, it will provide a better understanding of the effects of these decisions. Although NetFlix has obtained some great results over these years, there are also lessons to be learned and recommendations that can be given so that some of the less beneficial business decisions will not be repeated. This exploration of the NetFlix business strategy and the results from executing their strategies will help gain insight on how important it is to stay involved with the customer and satisfy the needs of the market.Changes Within the Movie Rental Business The video rental industry has reinvented itself often and in impressive fashion. Providing entertainment in the most convenient and cost-effective fashion has become the motivat or for multiple changes within the industry. The video industry began to take off in the 1980’s with larger chains like Blockbuster and Movie Gallery rising over the previous smaller shops. These new avenues are providing videos granted a better selection and often better pricing for the common video consumer.The popularity of these chains became more popular around the world and the businesses kept adding buildings and locations and became very popular for their wide selections, reasonable prices, and membership perks. Before long, these businesses added the increasingly growing gaming rentals as well making it convenient to now rent games for a much lower cost than purchasing the games. Convenience was impacted once again as NetFlix came on the scene in the late 1990’s. No other businesses had made efforts to use the unorthodox method of mailing DVDs to their customers.Rather than jumping in the car and heading to the nearest video store, NetFlix capitalized on bring ing the videos to the customer using their mailbox. Not only was it convenient, NetFlix allowed customers to hang on to the DVD without incurring late fees until the customer was ready to return and pick a new movie to be shipped out. Rather than a charge for each movie as the traditional method was for all other players, NetFlix charged in a monthly fee structure that allowed movie watchers to continue to watch videos as quickly as they could watch and send back with a request for a new movie.Although NetFlix was at first looked at as a non-threat with their entrance into the market, it was not long before others began make efforts to copy the methods that NetFlix had brought to life. â€Å"Further fueled by convenience, hassle-free Redbox kiosks offering $1 new releases at your local grocery store or gas station came on to the scene in 2004 and had grown to more than 25,000 kiosks by the year 2011† (Sunderland, 2011). Redbox began as an adventure with McDonald’s in o rder to add more convenience for the McDonald’s customers.In 2004, the concept of Redbox really started gaining steam. â€Å"With the majority of locations at McDonald’s restaurants, early headlines read, â€Å"Would you like a DVD with your fries? † and â€Å"Order Your Big Mac and DVD to Go† (The History of Redbox). And what are the newest trends in making video rental even more convenient? Video streaming has taken movie watching to a new level as there are multiple companies competing in this method of delivering a wide selection of movies and TV episodes over the internet.However, NetFlix has had a start on its competition by emerging as the world’s largest subscription service for movie watchers with over 15 million subscribers in 2010 (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013). NetFlix has enjoyed being at the top of the industry until recently. Over the past 10 years, NetFlix stock has increased 1700% (Wofford, 2013). The difference today is that o ther businesses have caught on to the successful NetFlix strategies and methods. Competition has risen significantly in the internet streaming method of delivering movies conveniently to home watchers.Amazon Prime is one of NetFlix’s recent competitors in both the DVD rental and the streaming internet video. Amazon Prime is another company that has significant and impressive growth in the past 10 years as stocks have soared over 1,100% (Wofford, 2013). Although Amazon Prime had not reached the heights of growth as NetFlix has accomplished, the ride for Amazon Prime has been at a steadier pace. And there are others that have entered the DVD and internet streaming movie distribution as well. Even Walmart has begun to enter the internet streaming market to share in this growing method of convenient movie watching.DirecTV, Time Warner, DISH Network, AT&T, and Verizon are all companies that have created more competition in the market by utilizing existing or newer technology allow ing for more opportunity of movie and TV entertainment by providing convenient movie selections while sitting at home. NetFlix History and Strategies NetFlix was formed and incorporated in 1997 by two â€Å"new technology† entrepreneurs Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph (Funding Universe). The two entrepreneurs set out to sell and rent the recently created DVD over the internet and deliver to the renter’s mailbox.Few stores in 1997 carried DVDs which was new format that was new technology as compared to the video tape. Although the DVD players were expensive as they entered the market, the two entrepreneurs set their strategy that the DVD would soon replace the video tape and began to figure how to best get it to the movie watcher. Experimentation with different mailers ended with a package that would successfully be sent to and from the renter for the price of a postage stamp. The company began to purchase copies of the nearly 1,000 available titles available on DVD and with 30 employees opened for business on August14, 1998 (Funding Universe).Pricing and discounts were created to invite the consumer to rent more while giving ample time to watch the movies and return. Soon after opening, promotions were given through sweepstakes and additional free DVDs with the purchase of some brand name DVD players. Not only could movie watchers rent but they also could keep and purchase that same DVD if it was to their liking to do so. NetFlix was not born, however, to only send DVDs through the mail. As the name implies, the founders had a vision and strategy to expand further into the access that the internet would provide.With year after year major growth, in 2006 NetFlix ended the year with over 6. 3 million members (NetFlix). In 2007, NetFlix introduced to it’s members the ability to stream and watch movies and TV shows right on their personal computers. Now the challenge for the NetFlix team was to invent a way of getting streaming movies into eve ryone’s homes. And the strategy began new life again creating and experimenting with devices to attain this. After several ideas and some failed concepts, NetFlix strategy changed once again.The widespread adoption of broadband connections to the internet had taken place in consumer’s homes and Microsoft and NetFlix strategies met up. Microsoft had already put out the Xbox and had envisioned it to be more than just a serious gaming system. Microsof t found NetFlix’s ideas of streaming movies over the Xbox device to the screen to be a good fit. Soon, many other devices and TVs were built with a chip and the NetFlix application to stream thousands of movies and TV shows right to the living room. NetFlix continued to grow and be the leaders in this industry while taking away market share rom other â€Å"traditional† methods of renting and watching videos. NetFlix management believed that the subscriber consisted of three types of customers: those who liked c onvenience of home delivery, bargain hunters who liked a good priced movie, and movie buffs who wanted a wide selection of movies (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013). The content was a weak spot for NetFlix, however. Despite having a now large movie rental business, NetFlix did not have the contacts it needed to bring the wide selection of Hollywood movies to the consumer’s screens.Although access to NetFlix may be cutting edge, few would watch if it only had older videos and TV shows (Roth, 2009). NetFlix began to search out ways to combine forces with other businesses that would give them access to more content. Not only was it lacking in content, but also needed to somehow gain access to the movie blockbusters much sooner. In many cases, hit movies would not be available to NetFlix for months and in some cases it would be years before these would be able to be watched by NetFlix subscribers.In 2008, NetFlix found agreement with Starz enabling the addition of 2,500 fresh vide os to NetFlix’s services (Roth, 2009). Underlying NetFlix’s great success from the years 2007 – 2011 was the understanding that they had to deliver additional content and make more available for streaming. Another strategy emerged in September 2011. Hastings announced that the company would charge separately for DVD rental and streaming video and that a new company named Qwikster would be formed to handle the DVD rental portion (Funding Universe).With substantial increases to consumers and issues like separate billings, users began to voice their displeasure with this strategy and many subscribers began to cancel their subscription. New subscriptions began to suffer as well with the new format and the price increase that was introduced. NetFlix reasoned that the change was needed due to the increase costs in licensing and streaming videos (Seeking Alpha, 2013). It was not long before the outcry of the customer and the loss of subscribers made Hastings rethink th is strategy.By the end of 2011, Hastings admitted that strategy was not appropriate and dropped the division of the DVD and streaming making them once again one entity. But by then, damage had been done and the poor strategy had taken its toll on the business while its stock had dropped by 75% (Funding Universe). The current strategy being pursued by NetFlix is one of moving to International expansion. Though many countries may not have the infrastructure in place to be able to stream from the internet, many countries do and this may be a unique opportunity for NetFlix to continue to grow.NetFlix has gained over 6 million subscribers within two years of its launch into International markets (Forbes, 2013). Although NetFlix seems to be leading now in the movie streaming industry just as it did with its strategy to mail deliver DVDs, competition is already on its way in the streaming movie business. Competition will continue to come up with their own unique strategies in their efforts to steal away some of the market share and success that has enabled NetFlix to continue to be successful. Analyzing NetFlix ResultsThe successful results of NetFlix over the years since its beginning can be seen in many statistical views. Focusing on the customer to tell us how NetFlix has performed would show us that from 2002 it grew from 600,000 members to over 6,000,000 members in 2006 (NetFlix). Each year after, NetFlix has gained a substantial quantity of members and in 2010 had over 20,000,000 members (NetFlix). Although there was a loss of subscribers in 2012 due to the Qwikster strategy of about 1 million subscribers, 2013 is estimated that NetFlix has over 33,000,000 subscribers in 40 different countries (Market Watch, 2013).The rebound has definitely made up for the loss of a year ago. This is amazing growth in a short amount of time and NetFlix has done well to keep ahead of its growth with its infrastructure and planning. Many of the new subscribers every year were cus tomers to local video outlets which have now suffered the reduction in business due to NetFlix’s success. The opposite effect of NetFlix’s success can be seen in businesses like Movie Gallery and Blockbuster as they have taken a large hit even to the extent of bankruptcy.Although it may be a short trip down to the video store, consumers have definitely shown by the numbers of subscribers that they enjoy the benefit and value of being able to have the movies come to them. Revenues are another way to show the success of NetFlix over the past 15 years. Like many other startup companies, the early years were not profitable. In 1999, the coming had to swallow $30 million in losses on only $5 million dollars of revenue (Funding Universe). However, by 2005 revenues had exceeded $600 million with net income of $42 million (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013).By 2008, these amounts had doubled (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013) and in 2012 NetFlix reported $3. 6 billion of revenue which was increase from the prior year by about 12% with $226 million net income (Bloomberg Business Week, 2013) . 2011 saw about a large growth of about 48% when compared to 2010 and while there was some growth of competitors in the recent years, many have seen negative growth in revenues partly due to the success of NetFlix. NetFlix has dominated market share in the digital on-line viewing of movies. According to a report by Sandvine Inc. in 2012, Netflix had captured 33% of prime-time web viewing (Edwards, 2012).As well, NetFlix has gained over 61% of all movie watching in the United States and with its aggressive strategy marches on to increase that as well as move aggressively internationally. Although international business continues to grow in subscribers, it is not yet profitable and currently is erasing much of the profits of the US business. It will take some time to get established internationally and provide profits. Stock prices for NetFlix had escalated significantly f rom the 2009 level of about $30 per share to the peak high value of $300 per share in 2011, but began a sharp downward trend in 2011 after the introduction of Qwikster.Basic earnings per share rose from a 2009 level of $2. 05 to that of $4. 28 in 2011 (NetFlix Investor Relations). It has taken some time to rebound from the events that surrounded the Qwikster disappointment, but stocks now seem to be continuing to increase as they appear to be reaching toward the $175 per share level. Review and Recommendations Over the short existence of the NetFlix company, it has done a good job at giving the customer what it has wanted and more. Over 90% of subscribers have indicated that they would recommend the NetFlix service to a friend (Gamble, Thompson, Peteraf, 2013).NetFlix has been able to stay ahead of the rest of the movie rental industry by staying in touch with their customers and providing the services and movie selections that are important to them. The software that NetFlix has de veloped has made it easy for the customer to choose movies by categories and provides detail for each movie that helps subscribers make their decisions as to what to watch. The NetFlix software is also able to personalize the movie selection experience by capturing what the viewer has chosen before and what likes and dislikes the viewer has recorded after watching their selection.This personalization brings to the subscribers attention other movies that they may want to watch based on their preferences and likes in the past. NetFlix has given the opportunity for first time users to use the NetFlix services for an entire month for free. This allows the customer to feel like they are getting a real bargain as well as gives them ample time to try out the service before paying for it. The pricing structures that NetFlix has instituted gives the subscriber options as to how many DVDs can be rented at a time along with unlimited streaming.The $8. 99 membership is a bargain as unlimited DV Ds and unlimited streaming of movies is included. The largest interruption to the NetFlix business was in 2011 when it decided to split the DVD portion of the business separately from the internet streaming portion. This move was not along the same lines as their customers were wanting. Qwikster was the new company that would handle all of the DVD rentals and NetFlix would continue to provide the streaming video. The two companies would not be separate and charge separately as well for their services.With this change, a large price increase would be incurred as well as subscribers would pay separately for each service. It almost seems as though in this instance that NetFlix was not interested in what their customers wanted. The strategy to break these services into two distinct companies was not born from what would satisfy the customer but was rather an internal strategy to satisfy what the owners of NetFlix thought to be advantageous. Along with the change, the communication to th e subscribers was ineffective and poorly distributed.This poor decision did not sit well with about 1 million lost customers and stock prices fell dramatically during this period. After the fact, NetFlix heard the voices of the customer and decided to abandon this strategy and go back to the original format, but the damage had been done. The recommendation here is to find out what the customer views as important before fully developing and implementing new changes. NetFlix had been following this well until the 2011 Qwikster event.Now they have learned the hard way how important it is to know what the customer views as valuable in their services. Even with the loss of 1 million customers, NetFlix began to rebound and grow with additional subscribers, but how much more could they have accomplished without this major set- back. Conclusion I have enjoyed the services that NetFlix has provided related to DVD rentail and streaming movies and TV shows over the internet right to my living room. NetFlix has worked hard to ensure that their customers have many selections at a reasonable price.The company has grown substantially year after year with more customers, revenues, and profits and has taken and maintains the lead in this industry. Although this success has come quickly, it has not come easy. NetFlix has had to effectively plan, implement, and successfully change its strategies to satisfy its customers and stay in the industry lead. It has done well in implementing these strategies and the results speak for themselves. References The History of Redbox. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. edbox. com/timeline Sunderland, N. (2011). Convenience: The past and future of movie rentals. Retrieved from http://www. tetonvalleynews. net/entertainment/movies/convenience-the-past-and-future-of-movie-rentals/article_d88d5148-5000-11e0-8a97-001cc4c03286. html Gamble, J. E. , Thompson, A. A. , & Peteraf, M. A. (2013). Essentials of strategic management (3rd ed. ). pp. 277-30 3. Location: Mcgraw-Hill Irwin Wofford, T. (2013). How these companies are streaming money. Retrieved from http://beta. fool. om/tlwofford/2013/01/13/online-video-streaming-performing-well/20918/ Funding Universe. (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://www. fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/NetFlix-inc-history/ NetFlix. (n. d. ) Retrieved from https://signup. netflix. com/MediaCenter/Timeline Roth, D. (2009). Netflix everywhere: sorry cable, you’re history. Retrieved from http://www. wired. com/techbiz/it/magazine/17-10/ff_netflix? currentPage=all Seeking Alpha. (2013). Domestically funding international growth: the NetFlix strategy. Retrieved from http://seekingalpha. om/article/1293701-domestically-funding-international-growth-the-netflix-strategy Forbes. (2013). Sizing up NetFlix’s international subscriber growth potential. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/sites/greatspeculations/2013/03/05/sizing-up-netflixs-international-subscriber-growth-potential/ Market Watc h. (2013). NetFlix to announce first-quarter 2013 financial results. Retrieved from http://www. marketwatch. com/story/netflix-to-announce-first-quarter-2013-financial-results-2013-04-02 Bloomberg Business Week. (2013). Retrieved from http://investing. usinessweek. com/research/stocks/earnings/earnings. asp? ticker=NFLX Edwards, C. (2012). Bloomberg. NetFlix dominates streaming rivals in web-video market. Retrieved by http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-11-07/netflix-dominates-streaming-rivals-with-growing-web-video-share. html O’Neil, M. (2011). Social Times. NetFlix owns 61% of US digital movie market share. Retrieved from http://socialtimes. com/netflix-infographic_b73597 NetFlix Investor Relations (n. d. ) 2011 Annual report. Retrieved from http://ir. netflix. com/annuals. cfm